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Quantum Physicist Find Paradoxical Material a Mashup of Three Different Phases at Once – “This is Unchartered Territory”
Using a combination of cutting-edge computational techniques, the scientists found that under special conditions, these triangular-patterned materials can end up in a mashup of three different phases at the same time. The competing phases overlap, with each wrestling for dominance. As a result, the material counter intuitively becomes more ordered when heated up, the scientists reported in Physical Review X.
Paradoxical material a mashup of three different phases at Once. Under certain conditions, electrons in a triangular lattice exhibit odd behavior. New research shows that the electrons attempt to organize themselves simultaneously in three competing ways. This animation demonstrates each order: alternating columns, angles separated by 120 degrees and a twisting pattern in three dimensions. Credit: Lucy Reading-Ikkanda/Simons Foundation
The behavior of electrons in a material depends on the layout of the atoms, and the triangular lattice arrangement is fascinating. That’s because electrons have a spin, which can point either up or down. An electron might, for instance, want to have a different spin direction than its neighbors. But in a triangle with three atoms and only two spin directions, “someone is always going to be unhappy,” Wietek says. “This causes the system to fluctuate because it doesn’t really know what to do.” Quantum physicists call this ‘geometric frustration.’
Despite the seeming simplicity of the model, calculating the collective electron behavior was daunting. The researchers therefore combined three different computational methods, with each bringing unique strengths to the problem. Using so many approaches to tackle one problem is a recent cultural shift in the field that allows physicists to tackle thornier problems, Wietek says.
The researchers could tweak conditions in their model by raising the temperature or changing the interaction strength between electrons. Higher temperatures provide the electrons with more energy, usually causing them to fluctuate more wildly. A stronger interaction strength results in electrons settling down into a single site, a phenomenon called localization.
By looking at what the electrons were doing, the researchers discovered the cause of this paradoxical effect: The electrons were attempting to organize themselves simultaneously in three competing ways. As the material’s temperature increased, this effect broke down, and the material became more orderly.
The third ordering was the most exciting. The electrons aligned themselves such that their spin angles had a right-handed or left-handed twisting pattern in three dimensions, with the spins constantly fluctuating. This setup could indicate that the system was forming a state of matter called a chiral spin liquid. Such a phase is desired for use in quantum computers to avoid errors.
Still, the researchers’ model didn’t reveal all the secrets of triangular lattice materials. For example, some such materials exhibit superconductivity, in which electrons flow freely without losing energy, which the researchers didn’t observe. They next plan to repeat their model with different quantities of electrons to see if superconductivity pops up.
Reference: “Mott Insulating States with Competing Orders in the Triangular Lattice Hubbard Model” by Alexander Wietek, Riccardo Rossi, Fedor Šimkovic, IV, Marcel Klett, Philipp Hansmann, Michel Ferrero, E. Miles Stoudenmire, Thomas Schäfer and Antoine Georges, 19 October 2021, Physical Review X.
Design is the symbolic and metaphoric language that harbors the transmutation of energy, light and information.
transmutation noun the action of changing or the state of being changed into another form: the transmutation of the political economy of the postwar years was complete. • Physics the changing of one element into another by radioactive decay, nuclear bombardment, or similar processes. • Biology, chiefly historical the conversion or transformation of one species into another. • the supposed alchemical process of changing base metals into gold.
Physicist Manipulate Magnetism with Light – “Playground” Created for Observing Exotic Physics
Manipulating Magnetism
The current work involves the creation of unusual excitons in the material nickel phosphorus trisulfide (NiPS3). These excitons are “dressed” or affected by the environment that surrounds them. In this case that environment is the magnetism. “So what we found is that by exciting these excitons we can actually manipulate magnetism in the material,” Belvin says.
The physicists found that a pulse of light causes each of the little electron “needles” in NiPS3 to start rotating around in a circle. The rotating spins are synchronized and form a wave throughout the material, known as a spin wave. Spin waves can be used in spin electronics, or spintronics, a field that was introduced in the 1960s.
Spintronics essentially uses electrons’ spin to go beyond electronics, which is based on their charge. The ability to create spin waves in an antiferroelectric material could lead to future computer memory devices that can read or write information in a much faster way than those based on electronics alone. “We are not there yet. In this paper we’ve demonstrated a process that underlies coherent domain switching: the next step is to actually switch domains,” Baldini says.
Reference: “Exciton-driven antiferromagnetic metal in a correlated van der Waals insulator” by Carina A. Belvin, Edoardo Baldini, Ilkem Ozge Ozel, Dan Mao, Hoi Chun Po, Clifford J. Allington, Suhan Son, Beom Hyun Kim, Jonghyeon Kim, Inho Hwang, Jae Hoon Kim, Je-Geun Park, T. Senthil and Nuh Gedik, 10 August 2021, Nature Communications.
Other authors of the paper from MIT are Professor of Physics Senthil Todadri, Ilkem Ozge Ozel (PhD ’18), Dan Mao (PhD ’21, now at Cornell University), Hoi Chun Po (postdoctoral fellow ’18-’21, now at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), and Clifford Allington (a graduate student in chemistry). Additional authors are Suhan Son, Inho Hwang, and Je-Geun Park of the Institute for Basic Science (Korea) and Seoul National University; Beom Hyun Kim of the Korea Institute for Advanced Study; and Jae Hoon Kim and Jonghyeon Kim of Yonsei University.
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Basic Energy Sciences Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Simons Foundation, an MIT Pappalardo Fellowship, a Croucher Foundation Fellowship, the Institute for Basic Science (Korea), and the National Research Foundation (Korea).
Jennifer Chu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Design Hypothesis:
Consciousness is conceptual, illusional, symbolic, metaphoric and virtual in character. Consciousness is the quintessential archetype. Consciousness is the concomitant consequence associated with a range of multidimensional patterns of energy whose origin rests beyond the subconscious.
Awareness brings forward a “sense of consciousness” by fostering correspondences and fusing the concepts of meaning and purpose. Metaphysical in content and context, quantum, fractal and holographic in representation, all forms of energy/Life are revealed and made apparent by means of Design. Design is lovingly veiled in all that can be seen, known, measured and/or felt. (12.10.2022)
Design describes a metaphysical and multidimensional process. The design process is dependent upon knowledge, understanding, intention, intuition, imagination and awareness. Design creates a network of energy in motion (EIM) between fields/states/points/agents and patterns of awareness. Design creates a virtual, symbiotic and metaphoric lattice between consciousness, the subconscious and the unconscious, the tangible and the intangible, the known and the unknown, the seen and the unseen. All forms of energy in motion are based upon principles of meaning and purpose both felt and understood. (01.13.2023)
What is a designer?
Designers are men and women who are faithful to themselves and others, who creatively abide and amalgamate their skills and knowledge with love and integrity - the goal: personal, collective, global and soular balance and harmony. (09.01.2022)
To be design consciousness you must be more than an observer.
Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision.
Edited: 02.06.2022, 02.25.2025, 03.18.2022, 03.25.2022, 07.07.2022, 03.04.2023
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