"The design process ... must become conscious, global, integrated ... the entire human domain, which means the entire planet and its surrounding near space, should be enclosed and included in a coherent plan driven by human values and a thirst for transformational beauty."
Terence McKenna
Conceptual impressions surrounding this post have yet to be substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument, context or network.
“ … in
the micro-world of atoms and particles that is governed by the strange rules of
quantum mechanics, two different observers are entitled to their own facts. In
other words, according to our best theory of the building blocks of nature
itself, facts can actually be subjective.”
"Eugene Wigner designed the thought experiment to illustrate his belief that consciousness is necessary to the quantum mechanical measurement process (and therefore, that consciousness in general must be an "ultimate reality"[1]according to Descartes's "Cogito ergo sum" philosophy): "All that quantum mechanics purports to provide areprobability connections between subsequent impressions (also called 'apperceptions')of the consciousness".[1]
Here, "impressions of the consciousness" are understood as specific knowledge about a (measured) system, i.e., the result of an observation. This way, the content of one's consciousness is precisely all knowledge of one’s external world and measurements are defined as the interactions which create the impressions in our consciousness. Since the knowledge about any quantum mechanical wave function is based on such impressions, the wave function of a physical systemis modified once the information about the system enters our consciousness. This idea has become known as the "consciousness causes collapse" interpretation."
“Quantum mechanics describes how the world works at a scale so small that the normal rules of physics no longer apply; over many decades, experts who study the field have offered numerous interpretations of what that means. It seems that, in contrast to classical physics, measurement results cannot be considered absolute truth but must be understood relative to the observer who performed the measurement,” Ringbauer explained. “The stories we tell about quantum mechanics have to adapt to that.”
"We should not pretend to understand the world only by the intellect; we apprehend it just as much by feeling. Therefore, the judgment of the intellect is, at best, only the half of truth, and must, if it be honest, also come to an understanding of its inadequacy."
Carl Jung
* * *
THE CONCEPT OF DISCERNMENT
apperception thementalprocessby which a personmakessense ofanideabyassimilatingittothe body ofideashe orshealreadypossesses, fullyconsciousperception:discernment: theabilityto judge well, perceptioninthe absence ofjudgmentwith a view toobtainingspiritualdirectionandunderstanding:choice an act of selecting ormakinga decision when faced with two or morepossibilities, the right or ability to make, or possibility of making, such a selection, a range of possibilitiesfromwhichone or more may be selected: a course of action, thing,orpersonthat is selected or decided upon:* * *
“It was quite extraordinary; our device was doing something like what the brain does, but in a very different way,” said Sreetosh. “When you’re learning something new or when you’re deciding, the brain can actually reconfigure and change physical wiring around. Similarly, we can logically reprogram or reconfigure our devices by giving them a different voltage pulse then they’ve seen before.”
We intuitively determine which method of reasoning to apply when making a decision. Decisions and determinations seem to originate as the result of a mixture of both emotional and mental impressions and experiences. Choices stem from how we each perceive our world, which likewise harbors our interpretation of reality.
We are highly dependent upon our intuition, which is a quality of mind that influences our awareness. Our mind is guided by meaning and consciously heartened by signs, symbols, metaphors and analogy.
* * *
“Emotions interpret the world for us. They have a signal function, telling us about our internal states as they are affected by input from the outside. Emotions are responses to present stimuli as filtered through the memory of past experience, and they anticipate the future based on our perception of the past."
"There is an ongoing tension between our innate drives and the persistence of our higher-order consciousness. Our newly acquired cognition clashes with the instinctive, nonconscious emotional systems that served our ancestors for hundreds of millions of years. It remains within the purview of unconscious emotions to make decisions, but because of bright, noisy consciousness, most people cannot conceive that their behavior is mostly driven by their desires and passions. However, the scientific evidence is overwhelming that this is so. Just like our animal ancestors, we live first and foremost as emotional beings. Anything that threatens or interferes with our emotions undermines our evolutionary fitness."
A research group from the University of Bologna discovered the first causal evidence of the double dissociation between what we see and what we believe we see: these two different mechanisms derive from the frequency and amplitude of alpha oscillations.
Thus, it was possible to isolate the two key processes occurring when we see something. One is more “objective” and related to the observation accuracy, the other is more “subjective” and related to the internal representation of the sensory event, i.e. the level of confidence in identifying what has been seen.
“The results show that perception is a discrete rather than continuous process. Each alpha oscillations cycle represents a sampling cycle of sensory information, thus the faster the oscillations, the more information can be gathered, which in turn increases accuracy.”
“In this study we demonstrate that the ability to perceive accurately (delivered by the speed of alpha oscillations) interacts with the confidence of the response (delivered by the amplitude of alpha oscillations). Thus, our subjective representation is continuously updated to better match our objective performance.”
* * *
Discernment: A Matter of Frequency, Focus and Control
+ Endear yourself by responding to a higher meaning and purpose (frequency) in your life.
+ Respond to your deepest “feelings” concerning the facts made evident within their own emotional context. One of the purposes of your intuition is to bring balance and harmony into your life. Know what your intuition can do for you and use it accordingly.
+ Discernment is closely attuned to compassion yet can be easily misconstrued. Personal impressions and interpretations will surely add complexity to every moment. Ask if your observation, interpretation and response add or detract from experiencing truth, beauty and goodness in your life and in the lives your fellow humans.
+ Know that you are responsible and in control of the choices you make. This is what freedom really means. Monitor them as closely as you can. Learn/know who you are. Diligence over time will support you in separating the wheat from the chaff.
+ Release that which no longer expands or enlightens you. What is the purpose surrounding this situation and what might it mean as you observe it? What is the meaning surrounding this situation and what might its purpose be while observing it? What might a particular decision/choice entail both in the short and long term? Internal inquiries help clarify circumstances by prompting your subconscious/symbolic language, i.e. design consciousness.
+ Know from your perspective (experience) that not all decisions will be correct or appropriate. Discernment is generated, interpreted and made apparent within the symbolic network, i.e. consciousness, of the perceiver, observer, participant (POP)
+ Quantum influences are always in play. You are a multidimensional being.
+ Change is both immediate and long term. Change is a given.
+ Willingly work within constraints while remaining cognizant of the fact that past events and choices gotten you to where you are now - come to realize that today's decisions will set the tone for your future. + Choose wisely by studying and analyzing the paths of others.
+ Focus within (meditate) - discover and reveal to yourself what are the most appropriate step/s to take in your own personal journey.
+ Discernment demands scrutiny, examination and long-lasting inquiry. A heartfelt intelligence harbors an intuition, i.e. awareness, that cannot be measured, only experienced and placed into practice.
+ Focus upon the symbolic language you've designed for yourself, the metaphoric and intuitive interpretation that maintains, sustains and brings balance to your consciousness. These designs harbor the seen and unseen signposts that will guide you in your decision-making process.
+ Be in the moment. Know everything changes. Whatever your decision, it will always be the most appropriate for you in that time and in that space.
* * *
To be design consciousness you must be more than an observer.
Your heart is a key reminder in every decision.
The difference between knowing and believing is discernment.
“Of course, "truth" does not exist. There is no such thing as Objective Truth. A thing is only true if it is true for you. Subjective truth is the only truth there is. Discernment is the experience of residing in one's own truth--and remaining there, all exterior "evidence" to the contrary notwithstanding.
We know that F-E-A-R is False Evidence, Appearing Real." Fear will come up whenever anyone steps toward discernment. In the early stages of discernment, it is natural to doubt ourselves and to question our innermost knowing. This is the final stage of argument, a holdover from the previous internal experience. Ultimately, for the truly persistent, discernment wins out. We know that we know, and we know that we know it.
Discernment is the victory of the soul over the mind, of the interior over the exterior, of the inner truth over the outer reality, of the Only Story There Is over the Cultural Story we have been told.
Discernment is knowing that beauty is in the eye of the beholder--and that God beholds beauty in everything. Discernment is knowing the difference between the exterior myth and the interior experience. Exteriorly, we are told that God and we are separate, and that there is a requirement we have to meet in order to return to The Essence. Interiorly, we know intuitively that God and we are One, and that nothing is required for us to experience that. Nothing.”
Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role of observer and contributor to a reality of your own design and creation – be aware of the by-products that surround every choice and decision.
Conceptual impressions surrounding this post are yet to be
substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument, or
network.
Human consciousness is based upon a diversity of opinions, "facts", knowledge, beliefs and experiences. Design and consciousness embrace this diversity within the awareness of every perceiver/observer. Design and consciousness each harbor the essence of the other while joining together both symbolically and theoretically through change.
I am of the opinion that the concepts of unification and fragmentation are in constant flux while being designed within the constraints of every context in which it might be observed.
I am of the opinion that Design embraces all of Consciousness through symbolic means, and that human intelligence straddles the realm (dimensions) between the tangible and the intangible, i.e. spirit and matter.
I am of the opinion that there is a direct relationship between Design and Consciousness that is centered on change. I am of the opinion that the dynamics created between the concepts of meaning and purpose are symbolic in nature and our guide us in our journey of Life.
I am of the opinion that discernment is acquired by exercising knowledge, feeling and experience and is made apparent by means of understanding and wisdom. I am of the opinion that design is a silent language that brings balance, acuity and substantiation to a "reality" we describe as consciousness.I am of the opinion that the "signs of the times" reflect upon the designs of a collective consciousness.I am of the opinion that design harbors the potential and opportunity for making the most appropriate choices while steeped in waking, intuitive, imaginative, conscious, subconscious and timeless thought.I am of the opinion that design substantiates the concept of consciousness by making it dimensionally discernible through experience.I am of the opinion that duality is reliant upon imbalance for purposes of expanding consciousness, i.e. a quantum field of virtual potential and probability through change. I am of the opinion that change is by Design. Consciousness is the context/field where change/design is made self evident by means of vibratory resonance.I am of the opinion that quantum consciousness is self evident. I am of the opinion that the confirmation, verification, substantiation and affirmation of this evidence will symbolically appear before the presence of intense observation, and that these impressions will transpire into the form of revelation and epiphany. These discoveries will be corroborative in nature and made self evident to every observer. These design tools are intuitive, synchronistic, dynamic and symbolic in nature. Difficulties arise when attempting to precisely measure that which is immeasurable. Difficulties arise when attempting to apply linear methods to a circumstance that is conceptual/theoretical in nature. Future investigations require adjustments to be made within the confines of the current mathematical system. These refinements will become the first challenge, which themselves will require a broader perception and system of symbolic correspondence. A simple example is would be an emoge: a small digital image or icon used to express an idea, emotion or concept. Concepts of reality are construed upon the language used to observe it. Mathematics, which is fundamental to a scientific investigation into reality, is beginning to expose its own limitations in this regard. There comes a point in the evolution of the design process where precision no longer serves its purpose. It at this point where meaning is slowly lost by virtue of ignorance and/or avoidance. This "situation" describes the imbalance currently being experienced upon the planet and all that inhabit it. In the near future, design and science must work together to develop its own language based upon maintaining balance between elements in a perpetual state of change. The context is changing in reference to the observer and the observer is changing in reference what is being observed. Such a phenomenon can only be conceptually contained, where both can be made whole in reference to a common theme held and retained by the observer. Whether this event or experience requires measurement is dependent upon the observer of the "situation".Design harbors a "silent language" that is both known and unknown, seen and unseen and nevertheless felt.Design "measures" elements that appear to be veiled yet actively contribute to a process of balancing a certain event or experience. Does an event or experience have a purpose? Does the event or experience have meaning? Symbols have always been "designed" for communicative purposes, they've afforded humanity the opportunity to acquire knowledge, understanding and wisdom, facets similar to the desire behind the scientific paradigm. Design allows you to transcend the mundane (duality) by symbolically placing it into its most appropriate contexts.I am of the opinion that we are all are designers and instrumental in creating and designing our own field of consciousness. Consciousness might be construed as being an "immeasurable" field of awareness when observed and interpreted at its most intimate level. I am of the opinion that Design Consciousness is synergetic both in its context and Source.
* * *
"Synergetics is the system of holistic thinking which R. Buckminster Fuller introduced and began to formulate. Synergetics is multi-faceted: it involves geometric modeling, exploring inter-relationships in the facts of experience and the process of thinking. Synergetics endeavors to identify and understand the methods that Nature actually uses in coordinating Universe (both physically and metaphysically). Synergetics provides a method and a philosophy for problem-solving and design and therefore has applications in all areas of human endeavor."
"Synergetics, in the broadest terms, is the study of spatial complexity, and as such is an inherently comprehensive discipline. ... Experience with synergetics encourages a new way of approaching and solving problems. Its emphasis on visual and spatial phenomena combined with Fuller's holistic approach fosters the kind of lateral thinking which so often leads to creative breakthroughs." - Amy Edmondson, A Fuller Explanation, 1987
Starting with the Universe
Fuller's geometric explorations provided an experiential basis for designing and refining a philosophical language. His overarching concern was the co-occurring relationship between tensile and compressive tendencies within an eternally regenerative Universe. "Universe" is a proper name he defined in terms of "partially overlapping scenarios" while avoiding any static picture or model of same. His Universe was "non-simultaneously conceptual":
Because of the fundamental nonsimultaneity of universal structuring, a single, simultaneous, static model of Universe is inherently both nonexistent and conceptually impossible as well as unnecessary. Ergo, Universe does not have a shape. Do not waste your time, as man has been doing for ages, trying to think of a unit shape "outside of which there must be something," or "within which, at center, there must be a smaller something." (307.04)
U = MP described a first division of Universe into metaphysical and physical aspects, the former associated with invisibly cohesive tension, the latter with energy events, both associative as matter and radiation. (162.00)
Synergetics also distinguished between gravitational and precessional relationships among moving bodies, the latter referring to the vast majority of cosmic relationships, which are non-180-degree and do not involve bodies "falling in" to one another (130.00 533.01, 1009.21). "Precession" is a nuanced term in the synergetics vocabulary, relating to the behavior of gyroscopes, but also to side-effects. (326.13, 1009.92) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergetics_(Fuller)s
I am of the opinion that design is an exercise in abductive reasoning by virtue of its ability to symbolically collect as much "evidence" as possible from resources both seen and unseen. The design process is all inclusive and multidimensional by nature. The design process is based upon a broad spectrum of convergences, i.e. emphasis, concentration, priority, attention, focus.Evidence emerges from a particular point of view that when observed contextually, cognizes into both a specific and collective awareness conducive to future symbolic patterning, aka creativity.When symbolically viewed/observed/perceived within a quantum context/field, the concepts of time can be wildly shortened and in some instances non-existent. This situation requires the need to adhere to the position of a multi dimensional/symbolic thought process. Design's reliance upon signs, symbols, metaphor and analogy creates a field/circumstance supple enough to invite and likewise demonstrate knowledgable, intuitive and heartfelt reasoning and solution. - The Design Registry- Train for any argument with Harvard's former debate coach * * * Abductive reasoning: taking your best shotAbductive reasoning typically begins with an incomplete set of observations and proceeds to the likeliest possible explanation for the set. Abductive reasoning yields the kind of daily decision-making that does its best with the information at hand, which often is incomplete.
A medical diagnosis is an application of abductive reasoning: given this set of symptoms, what is the diagnosis that would best explain most of them? Likewise, when jurors hear evidence in a criminal case, they must consider whether the prosecution or the defense has the best explanation to cover all the points of evidence. While there may be no certainty about their verdict, since there may exist additional evidence that was not admitted in the case, they make their best guess based on what they know.
While cogent inductive reasoning requires that the evidence that might shed light on the subject be fairly complete, whether positive or negative, abductive reasoning is characterized by lack of completeness, either in the evidence, or in the explanation, or both. A patient may be unconscious or fail to report every symptom, for example, resulting in incomplete evidence, or a doctor may arrive at a diagnosis that fails to explain several of the symptoms. Still, he must reach the best diagnosis he can.
The abductive process can be creative, intuitive, even revolutionary. Einstein's work, for example, was not just inductive and deductive, but involved a creative leap of imagination and visualization that scarcely seemed warranted by the mere observation of moving trains and falling elevators. In fact, so much of Einstein's work was done as a "thought experiment" (for he never experimentally dropped elevators), that some of his peers discredited it as too fanciful. Nevertheless, he appears to have been right-until now his remarkable conclusions about space-time continue to be verified experientially.
I am of the opinion that design in coordination and cooperation with science, will create the next paradigm conducive to the evolution of the species and in turn the Earth.
I am of the opinion that the dynamic relationship established between design and science will create the most appropriate technology necessary to advance human awareness towards acquiring an experiential understanding and comprehension of consciousness.
I am of the opinion that every constraint imposed and/or implied in every design situation is a reflection upon the observer/creator of that event or experience.
I am of the opinion that the term "design science" best contains many of the actions necessary to expand human awareness.
I am of the opinion that design and change are synonymous.
I am of the opinion that science along with technology, will bring greater understanding to the concept of design as an expression of a universal Intelligence/Consciousness.I am of the opinion that mathematics to be the tool of the scientific paradigm and symbol, metaphor and analogy to be the tools of design.
Design by nature is theoretical.
in theoryin theory,yourideasoundsgreat,butcanitbepracticallyapplied?in principle,on paper,in the abstract,allthingsbeingequal,inanideal world;hypothetically,theoretically,supposedly.
"To believe is to accept another's truth. To know is your own creation."
The concept of Design Metaphysics has been unintentionally discussed by virtue of the investigative efforts of Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley in their paper titled, "Abductive Reasoning: "Logic, visual thinking, and coherence". I believe that certain qualities attributable to the concept of Design in accordance with Design Metaphysics, are unknowingly veiled in the author's critique of two former models of abductive reasoning mentioned in the paper.
I have highlighted certain comments I believe support my position concerning the concept of ther being a Design Consciousness.
FINAL COMMENTARY
Abductive reasoning: Logic, visual thinking and coherence. Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley, 1997
I am of the opinion that all possible descriptions used to bring to reason any event or experience is wholly dependent upon the categorization of certain pre-defined symbolic relationships that when together bring a degree of awareness to a particular field of choice, focus and/or interest. I’m also of the opinion that consciousness per se, is the product of series of multidimensional relationships made apparent by means of symbolic correspondence.
Statements listed below are based upon issues surrounding the concept of design and the design process. These disclosures are posted in the following blogs:
When designing, methods of reason are dependent upon, 1. the observer/perceiver of the event/experience, 2. the context/field in which this observation/perception is made, 3. the language, i.e. system of symbols used to support and assist in the cognition of an event or experience. Following are quotes from the work of Thagard and Shelley that I believe support the concept of design and design thinking.
Design is symbolic in nature and made apparent by means of signs, symbols, analogy and metaphor.
“Peirce claimed that all thinking is in signs, and that signs can be icons, indices, or symbols.”
“Finally, since elements can be visual or other nonverbal kinds of representation, we have transcended the limitation of abductive reasoning to sentences.”
“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”
“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.” “
“Konolige's definition, like virtually all available accounts of abduction, presumes that explanatory hypotheses are represented sententially. But we will now show that some abductive inference is better understood as using pictorial or other iconic representations.”
“Abduction is then visual because the representations of both what gets explained and what does the explaining use structures that resemble what they represent.”
“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”
The ability to visualize a particular situation is fundamental to design thinking.
“But there are instances of abductive thinking that are most plausibly interpreted as pictorial.”
“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”
“The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and non-sentential representations such as visual ones.”
“But a mode of thinking that is natural for many people is to perform the same kind of thinking pictorially.”
“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would.Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking:”
“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes. In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”
Design thinking/reasoning is both imaginative and intuitive.
“The abductive inference that the accident happened this way involves a mental picture of the other car's door hitting yours. Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would.Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.”
“To understand abduction as a coherence problem, we need to specify the elements and the constraints. The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and nonsentential representations such as visual ones.”
The design process is used for both problem finding and problem solving in addition to creative thinking.
“With verbal representations such as rules, it may be necessary to search through many possible inferences before finding a plausible explanatory hypothesis. But a picture of a situation may immediately suggest a likely cause, if it vividly displays factors that are spatially contiguous and therefore more likely to be causally relevant.”
“Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking.”
“Creative abduction often involves the construction of novel hypotheses involving newly formed concepts such as natural selection or AIDS. For Charles Peirce, who coined the term ``abduction'' a century ago, the introduction of unifying conceptions was an important part of abduction [11, 25], and it would be unfortunate if our understanding of abduction were limited to more mundane cases where hypotheses are simply assembled. Abduction does not occur in the context of a fixed language, since the formation of new hypotheses often goes hand in hand with the development of new theoretical terms such as ``atom,'' ``electron,'' ``quark,'' ``gene,'' ``neuron'' and ``AIDS.''
“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.”
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
Design and the design process include both inductive and deductive reasoning.
Second, the deductive model of explanation does not even provide sufficient conditions for explanation, since there are examples that conform to the model but do not appear to constitute explanations.”
“But other examples such as the flagpole show that some additional notion of causal relevance is crucial to many kinds of explanation, and there is little hope of capturing this notion using logic alone. Contrast Pearl's [20] work on Bayesian networks and Peng and Reggia's [21] model of abduction, which employ ineliminably (?) intuitive notions of causality. A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”
“The plausibility of the lower-level hypothesis comes not only from what it explains, but also from it itself being explained. This kind of hierarchical explanation in which hypotheses explain other hypotheses that explain data is also found in science and medicine;”
“But as both Bayesian and explanatory coherence analyses allow, causes are often themselves effects and assessment of overall acceptability of explanatory hypotheses must take this into account.”
“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential.”
“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.
“Abduction is often thought of as a kind of reverse deduction;”
“A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”
Design along with the design process searches for meaning and purpose.
“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”
“While this requirement may be acceptable for mundane applications, it will not do for interesting cases of belief revision where the introduction of new hypotheses leads to rejection of previously held theories.”
Design oversees the symbiotic process of balancing.
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence.”
Design links the parts with the whole and the whole with its parts.
“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations.”
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning”
“The requirement of completeness makes sense only in limited closed domains such as simple circuits where one can be assured that everything can be explained given the known causes.”
“This is a laudable goal but does not justify building completeness into the definition of an explanation, since the goal is so rarely accomplished in realistic situations. From medicine to science, it is not typically the case that everything can be explained even by the best of theories”.
“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations. The notion of coherence has usually remained vague, but Thagard and Verbeurgt [29] have recently defined coherence in terms of maximization of constraint satisfaction. After briefly stating their definition, we will show how abduction can be reconceptualized as a coherence problem.”
Design harbors all belief systems.
“But simplicity is an elusive notion that is not adequately captured by the relation of subset minimality which deals only with cases where we can prefer an explanation by a set of hypotheses to an explanation by a superset of those hypotheses. We need a broader notion of simplicity to handle cases where the competing explanations are accomplished by sets of hypotheses that are of different sizes but are not subsets of each other.”
“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence. “
”Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
Design invites change and is intuitive by nature.
In scientific reasoning, in contrast, the task is to explain as much of the data as you can and to come up with a set of explanatory hypotheses that is better than the current set. It is a matter of satisficing (choosing the most coherence set of hypotheses) rather than optimizing. Abduction characterized in terms of coherence is still intractable, but efficient approximation algorithms exist. There is also the possibility that heuristic search made possible by visual representations can greatly improve the computability of abductions, although this remains to be shown.
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would.Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.
Reconceptualization is fundamental to design and the design process.
“But an oversimplified formalization can distract from important aspects of the kinds of reasoning that underlie intelligence. Graph grammars and other techniques for visual representation offer the prospects of developing more general accounts of the nature of abductive reasoning,which should be construed not as a deviant form of deduction, but as a coherence problem.”
Conclusion:
Design by virtue of symbolic representation, is closely associated with abductive reasoning. Design establishes an exploratory context where change and energy can be limitlessly configured and reconfigured into a variety of circumstances, arrangements, networks and solutions. Design is a mentor to the creative process. Design describes an intimate method of conceptual thinking where resolutions surface unexpectedly. Design exercises its own special form of coherency.
I conclude with a comment from Neil de Grasse Tyson.
I believe that a fuller understanding of design’s role in the application of abductive reasoning can meet all future challenges confronting the scientific paradigm, and that in cooperation with a “design template” bring forward a new understanding of the world and consciousness itself.
To be design conscious you must be more than an observer you must be a participant. Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision. Edited: 02.22.2020, 02.27.2020, 03.18.2020, 03.30.2020, 11.30.2020, 01.06.2022, 01.14.2022, 03.18.2022, 03.25.2022, 05.16.2022, 06.13.2022, 07.11.2022, 09.04.2022, 10.04.2022, 12.25.2022, 03.12.2023, 07.30.2023
