"The design process ... must become conscious, global, integrated ... the entire human domain, which means the entire planet and its surrounding near space, should be enclosed and included in a coherent plan driven by human values and a thirst for transformational beauty."
Terence McKenna
Hussein Mozannar wrote this paper with Arvind Satyanarayan, an assistant professor of computer science who leads the Visualization Group in CSAIL; and senior author David Sontag, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT and leader of the Clinical Machine Learning Group. This research will be presented at the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in February.
For sake of clarification, I have highlighted certain phrases and comments I believe support the concept of Design and its relationship to Consciousness. My sincere gratitude to SciTechDaily and the authors.
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“To help people better understand when to trust an AI “teammate,” MIT researchers created an onboarding technique that guides humans to develop a more accurate understanding of those situations in which a machine makes correct predictions and those in which it makes incorrect predictions.
By showing people how the AI complements their abilities, the training technique could help humans make better decisions or come to conclusions faster when working with AI agents.
“We propose a teaching phase where we gradually introduce the human to this AI model so they can, for themselves, see its weaknesses and strengths,” says Hussein Mozannar, a graduate student in the Clinical Machine Learning Group of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science. “We do this by mimicking the way the human will interact with the AI in practice, but we intervene to give them feedback to help them understand each interaction they are making with the AI.”
By showing people how the AI complements their abilities, the training technique could help humans make better decisions or come to conclusions faster when working with AI agents.
“Cognitive science suggests that humans make decisions for complex tasks by remembering past interactions and experiences. So, the researchers designed an onboarding process that provides representative examples of the human and AI working together, which serve as reference points the human can draw on in the future. They began by creating an algorithm that can identify examples that will best teach the human about the AI.
“We first learn a human expert’s biases and strengths, using observations of their past decisions unguided by AI,” Mozannar says. “We combine our knowledge about the human with what we know about the AI to see where it will be helpful for the human to rely on the AI. Then we obtain cases where we know the human should rely on the AI and similar cases where the human should not rely on the AI.”
The researchers tested their onboarding technique on a passage-based question answering task: The user receives a written passage and a question whose answer is contained in the passage. The user then has to answer the question and can click a button to “let the AI answer.” The user can’t see the AI answer in advance, however, requiring them to rely on their mental model of the AI. The onboarding process they developed begins by showing these examples to the user, who tries to make a prediction with the help of the AI system. The human may be right or wrong, and the AI may be right or wrong, but in either case, after solving the example, the user sees the correct answer and an explanation for why the AI chose its prediction. To help the user generalize from the example, two contrasting examples are shown that explain why the AI got it right or wrong.
“The participants who received teaching did just as well as the participants who didn’t receive teaching but could see the AI’s answer. So, the conclusion there is they are able to simulate the AI’s answer as well as if they had seen it,” Mozannar says.
“When teaching is successful, it has a significant impact. That is the takeaway here. When we are able to teach participants effectively, they are able to do better than if you actually gave them the answer,” he says.
Reference: “Teaching Humans When To Defer to a Classifier via Exemplars” by Hussein Mozannar, Arvind Satyanarayan and David Sontag, 13 December 2021, Computer Science > Machine Learning.
arXiv:2111.11297
This research was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation
***
Premise: An investigation to determine the ramifications surrounding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a “teammate” in the decision-making process.
Commentary: Everything changes in the quantum field of virtual potential (QFVP), and in reference to human consciousness, symbolically categorized for the moment.
Question: Therefore, what might be considered intuitive and what is not?
Answer: The intuition is what brings balance to both the mind and the emotions. The intuition describes an innate principle common to human creativity, consciousness and awareness. Based in intelligence and flavored with understanding and compassion the intuition enables righteous decision making.
righteous adjective 1thescripturescontainrules for righteous living:good,virtuous,upright,upstanding,decent,worthy;ethical,principled,moral,high-minded,law-abiding,just,honest,innocent,faultless,honorable,blameless,guiltless,irreproachable,sinless,uncorrupted,anti corruption,saintly,angelic,pure,noble,noble-minded,pious,God-fearing.ANTONYMSwicked,sinful. 2a look of righteousangercameoverhisface:justifiable,justified,legitimate,defensible,supportable,just,rightful;well founded,sound,valid,admissible,allowable,understandable,excusable,acceptable,reasonable,sensible.ANTONYMSunjustifiable
All things change in time and space. All things are, in essence, symbolic in nature. Decision making is relative, referential, immediate and long term. Balance is an ideally persuasive concept meant for purposes of reaching a sense of progress, harmony and joy. Life describes the process of balancing. Design brings Life to "Reality".
“A decision is a commitment to a specific path (or plan). A choice is a possibility that we will consider based on its effectiveness, efficiency and whether we are willing to live with its consequences. The common denominator for our choices is consequences.
We make a decision when we look at all of our choices and choose the one that is the most practical and workable in that moment. We may think we decide based on the highest and best for ourselves and to some extent we do. But the common denominator for our decisions is also the consequences we are willing to live with.
Acceptance is not tolerance.
Acceptance is acknowledging someone’s free will and their ability to choose what they want for themselves, no matter how ill advised or awkward we think it is.”
Design questions of choice.
What is its purpose? What does it mean? Will it, can it, has it been designed appropriately in order to expand human knowledge, understanding, compassion, efficiency, awareness and consciousness? Does it encourage and harbor future potentials? Does it embrace and cooperate with the design of the planet? Are there any safeguards in place assuring that this tool will be used appropriately? Who is the user? Is the immeasurable worth measuring in the conscious search for balance and harmony?
Intelligence exemplifies change. Intelligence is constantly being redefined by means of symbolic transmission, i.e. language, art, mathematics, music etc. woven within every form of conscious awareness.
Generally speaking, intelligence describes a vibratory state with purposeful intentions. Understanding describes a vibratory state with meaningful intentions. Both become one in the same by means of coherent resonance/design.
Understanding _______________ Intelligence
Meaning ______________ Purpose
^
Coherent Resonance
(Design)
Intelligence like love, is a vibratory expression of perception/ observation and participation. Both impressions are made apparent by virtue of a symbolic spectrum of vibratory exchange and balance.
Whether digitized for collective reference or subjectively inspired for individual intent, the intuition cannot be denied. Context is everything.
The concept of intelligence is but a single feature of consciousness “as we know it”.
Intelligence and technology are intimately linked by design.
Science, art and philosophy caress a broad range of design perspectives (vibratory frequencies) by means of a vocabulary of symbolic languages designed to bring meaning and purpose to Life.
Science, art and philosophy each describe a POV within a symbolic framework created/designed in order to perceive, observe and interpret reality.
Design Metaphysics: An Exercise in Abductive Reasoning III (Addendum)
https://designmetaphysics.blogspot.com/2022/03/design-metaphysics-exercise-in.html
Consciousness describes an amalgamation of mind (intelligence), emotion (feeling), matter and spirit (tangible and intangible), made self-evident through symbolic awareness.
Awareness brings forward a “sense of consciousness” by fostering correspondences and fusing the concepts of meaning and purpose. Metaphysical in content and context, quantum, fractal and holographic in re-presentation, all forms of energy/Life are revealed and made apparent by means of Design.Design is lovingly veiled in all that can be seen, known, measured and/or felt (12.10.2022)
Design describes a metaphysical and multidimensional process. The design process is dependent upon knowledge, understanding, intention, intuition, imagination and awareness. Design creates a network of energy in motion (EIM) between fields/states/points/agents and patterns of awareness. Design creates a virtual, symbiotic and metaphoric lattice between consciousness, the subconscious and the unconscious, the tangible and the intangible, the known and the unknown, the seen and the unseen. All forms of energy in motion are based upon principles of meaning and purpose both felt and understood. (01.13.2023)
What is a designer?
Designers are men and women who are faithful to themselves and others who creatively abide and amalgamate their skills and beliefs with love and integrity - the goal: personal, collective, global and soular balance and harmony.(09.01.2022)
To be design conscious you must be more than an observer.
Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision.
Conceptual impressions surrounding this post have yet to be substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument or network. Objective: To generate symbolic links between scientific discovery, design awareness and consciousness.
Awareness brings forward a “sense of consciousness” by fostering correspondences and fusing the concepts of meaning and purpose. Metaphysical in content and context, quantum, fractal and holographic in representation, all forms of energy/Life are revealed and made apparent by means of Design. Design is lovingly veiled in all that can be seen, known, measured and/or felt. (12.10. 2022)
Design describes a metaphysical and multidimensional process. The design process is dependent upon knowledge, understanding, intention, intuition, imagination and awareness. Design creates a network of energy in motion (EIM) between fields/states/points/agents and patterns of awareness. Design creates a virtual, symbiotic and metaphoric lattice between consciousness, the subconscious and the unconscious, the tangible and the intangible, the known and the unknown, the seen and the unseen. All forms of energy in motion are based upon principles of meaning and purpose both felt and understood.(01.13.2023)
What is a designer?
Designers are men and women who are faithful to themselves and others, who creatively abide and amalgamate their skills and beliefs with love and integrity - the goal: personal, collective, global and soular balance and harmony.(09.01.2022)
"The beginning of all things lies still in the beyond in the form of ideas that have yet to become real."Richard Wilhelm I Ching - The Book of Changes
"Meta-representation is the ability to represent a representation — being able to attach an abstract concept or meaning to a separate entity — and enables humans to adapt to their environment in real-time unlike most animals who can only adapt through slow genetic change over evolutionary time. Examples are using symbolism and metaphor, which for humans are second nature and taken for granted. But verbal and written language are only possible because we can abstract the idea of a thing and assign it a name — a symbol — that can be spoken and written. The perceiver understands that the symbol refers to a thing that is not the symbol itself.
Instinctual animals without metarepresentational abilities simply cannot conceive of existential dilemmas. The problem of having access to contingent or conditional information is that we humans are freed to consider infinite possibilities. With our self-aware consciousness, we are able to perceive and consider any alternative that we can imagine, but that potentially results in an immense number of options."
Metarepresentation Reveals the Conundrum of the Human Condition
Humans mistakenly believe in the immaculacy of their cognitive powers
"Krippner is quick to emphasize that using hypnagogia to promote creativity requires an individual to define creativity itself. He personally believes creativity has two different aspects: “It’s bringing something new for the world, be it globally, a small community, or even just an individual’s own world; and it has to be useful in some capacity.” In other words, there must be a utilitarian aspect to those creative thoughts, or else they are simply just random firings of the brain; mysterious and exciting to talk to about, but ultimately of no consequence."
Sleeping on, and dreaming up, a solution. How the state between wakefulness and sleep can produce some of our most unique thoughts.
Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision.
Conceptual impressions surrounding this post are yet to be substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument or network.
equation| əˈkwāZHən | noun1 Mathematics a statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal (indicated by the sign =). 2 the process of equating one thing with another: the equation of science with objectivity. • (the equation) a situation or problem in which several factors must be taken into account.3 Chemistrya symbolic representation of the changes which occur in a chemical reaction, expressed in terms of the formulae of the molecules or other species involved.
DESIGN IS BOTH THE FULCRUM AND AGENT IN A CLOSED LOOP, REGENERATIVE BINARY SYSTEM DESCRIBED AS UNIVERSE.
"Fuller's geometric explorations provided an experiential basis for designing and refining a philosophical language. His overarching concern was the co-occurring relationship between tensile and compressive tendencies within an eternally regenerative Universe. "Universe" is a proper name he defined in terms of "partially overlapping scenarios" while avoiding any static picture or model of same. His Universe was "non-simultaneously conceptual"
Love is a force of nature that can be found throughout the universe. It is a force that cannot be fully explained only felt. This is a force that is distinguished by certain frequencies that vibrate at what humanity describes to be "emotional in context". This observation/opinion is based upon metaphysical proposition, i.e. a premise that remains undiscovered and undetected with current technology. Like a virus, this is a frequency that can be humanly transmitted and transformed through actions, thoughts, feelings and deeds. This vibratory force is transmitted through symbolic means and methods that resonate within the context of every individual, event and experience. Obviously, there are a wide variety of examples, i.e. frequencies, that illustrate the attractive properties of this particularly linking and potent force.
Love and compassion originate from within - begin first with yourself.
In the closed loop system described above love is the metaphor describing an ultimate force that ties every vibratory expression surrounding its nature together by means of design, aka the use and application of signs, symbolically presented through analogy, metaphor and form.
Energy is all around us. Energy has been discovered and applied in a number of ways, e.g. solar, nuclear, electric, magnetic, etc. yet still remains somewhat outside our full understanding. The circumference of this borderless energy is difficult to measure, especially in the form of a comprehensive singularity. The primary source of all energy harbors every derivative of its own expression through re-sources composed of a wide assortment of vibratory patterns.This is not an apparition. Investigations into this energy source, including attributes that distinguish it from within can be best clarified by exercising the qualities/characteristics of the design archetype. This implies that every situation where an observation is being made, is likewise being interpreted concurrently in the moment by means of a subjective interpretation based upon an internal system of symbolic correspondences previously made appropriate for the situation/moment at hand. The scientific method of observing the world/reality remains consistent and somewhat reliable. However, the context of these observations is always changing. The quantum field we've scientifically discovered epitomizes the definition of change. Classical experiments once proven reliable are now being challenged. Science is becoming more and more metaphysical for lack of a better method/label to substantiate its meaning and purpose. I am of the opinion that investigations into quantum experiences and events indicates that there is a degree of meaning and purpose in every observation. Awareness appears before our consciousness in the form of a significant impression or indication that may or may not be "measurable". Revelations typically support and expand upon what we already believe we know, feel and observe. Design investigations call out potential futures that are conceptual in context, a field of impressions founded upon the beliefs of the observer. Ideally as variables change so should every relevant POV associated in substantiating the "reality of the observer".
In reference to the quantum state, every designation (goal and objective) is constantly changing while in the process of being observed. At quantum levels of coherence and re-cognition time and space can no longer be alluded to with assurance. Like love ... how can you measure an indescribable impression appearing in the form of a symbolic revelation, and that for all intents and purposes remains immeasurable? Such a subject can only be approached symbolically. Design is the only tool that affords humanity the ability and opportunity to bring balance to awareness and in return, equilibrium to human consciousness. Design provides us by means of focus and exercise, a vibratory system that brings coherency to the virtues of energy-in-motion. The concept of love as being a metaphor for energy-in-motion and symbolic/perpetual change, contributes to a new understanding of "reality"; a belief system allowing for flexibility and tolerance while in search for balance. I am of the opinion that observations, investigations and applications are based upon the implementation of a variety of symbolic systems created solely to focus upon a series of internal revelations designed in coherence with the awareness of the observer.
Design is lovingly veiled in all that can be seen, known, measured and/or felt. Every event and experience is symbolically interpreted. Design is the process upon which every system of energy in motion is dependent. Design is far from static. Design represents a system composed of a variety of perpetually changing, multidimensional correspondences found to be dependent upon both a changing context and point of observation. The scientific paradigm (microcosmic investigation and research) needs to be balanced by the virtues of a macrocosmic enhancement, absorption and inclusion of impressions pertaining to symbolic observation and interpretation. This new method of investigation rides upon the waves of a quantum ocean discovered in the "form" of an ever changing circumstance and POV. Choice is based upon an adaptive observer "designed" to be responsive to forces that bring symbolic "weight" to every situation. The fulcrum re-presents the observer/perceiver of every symbolic pervasion. The design paradigm's origin is based upon the action of balancing the concepts of meaning and purpose in both design and science.
pervade |pərˈvād|verb [ trans. ]• (of an influence, feeling, or quality) be present and apparent throughout : the sense of crisis that pervaded Europe in the 1930
Skills in symbolic interpretation and understanding are integrated into one's level of consciousness. Defining consciousness in reference to the above model is a never ending challenge to each and every observer/perceiver of their own concept of "reality".
To think conceptually is to think multi-dimensionally. Form, structure, geometry are dimensionally dependent upon the contextual field in which they are observed and referenced to by means of an observer. observe| əbˈzərv |verb [with object] 1 notice or perceive (something) and register it as being significant: watch (someone or something) carefully and attentively: take note of or detect (something) in the course of a scientific study: 2 [reporting verb] make a remark: [with direct speech] :
Quantum consciousness: the kaleidoscope of the mind.
To be design conscious is to be more than an observer.
Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision.
Conceptual impressions surrounding this post are yet to be
substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument, or
network.
Human consciousness is based upon a diversity of opinions, "facts", knowledge, beliefs and experiences. Design and consciousness embrace this diversity within the awareness of every perceiver/observer. Design and consciousness each harbor the essence of the other while joining together both symbolically and theoretically through change.
I am of the opinion that the concepts of unification and fragmentation are in constant flux while being designed within the constraints of every context in which it might be observed.
I am of the opinion that Design embraces all of Consciousness through symbolic means, and that human intelligence straddles the realm (dimensions) between the tangible and the intangible, i.e. spirit and matter.
I am of the opinion that there is a direct relationship between Design and Consciousness that is centered on change. I am of the opinion that the dynamics created between the concepts of meaning and purpose are symbolic in nature and our guide us in our journey of Life.
I am of the opinion that discernment is acquired by exercising knowledge, feeling and experience and is made apparent by means of understanding and wisdom. I am of the opinion that design is a silent language that brings balance, acuity and substantiation to a "reality" we describe as consciousness.I am of the opinion that the "signs of the times" reflect upon the designs of a collective consciousness.I am of the opinion that design harbors the potential and opportunity for making the most appropriate choices while steeped in waking, intuitive, imaginative, conscious, subconscious and timeless thought.I am of the opinion that design substantiates the concept of consciousness by making it dimensionally discernible through experience.I am of the opinion that duality is reliant upon imbalance for purposes of expanding consciousness, i.e. a quantum field of virtual potential and probability through change. I am of the opinion that change is by Design. Consciousness is the context/field where change/design is made self evident by means of vibratory resonance.I am of the opinion that quantum consciousness is self evident. I am of the opinion that the confirmation, verification, substantiation and affirmation of this evidence will symbolically appear before the presence of intense observation, and that these impressions will transpire into the form of revelation and epiphany. These discoveries will be corroborative in nature and made self evident to every observer. These design tools are intuitive, synchronistic, dynamic and symbolic in nature. Difficulties arise when attempting to precisely measure that which is immeasurable. Difficulties arise when attempting to apply linear methods to a circumstance that is conceptual/theoretical in nature. Future investigations require adjustments to be made within the confines of the current mathematical system. These refinements will become the first challenge, which themselves will require a broader perception and system of symbolic correspondence. A simple example is would be an emoge: a small digital image or icon used to express an idea, emotion or concept. Concepts of reality are construed upon the language used to observe it. Mathematics, which is fundamental to a scientific investigation into reality, is beginning to expose its own limitations in this regard. There comes a point in the evolution of the design process where precision no longer serves its purpose. It at this point where meaning is slowly lost by virtue of ignorance and/or avoidance. This "situation" describes the imbalance currently being experienced upon the planet and all that inhabit it. In the near future, design and science must work together to develop its own language based upon maintaining balance between elements in a perpetual state of change. The context is changing in reference to the observer and the observer is changing in reference what is being observed. Such a phenomenon can only be conceptually contained, where both can be made whole in reference to a common theme held and retained by the observer. Whether this event or experience requires measurement is dependent upon the observer of the "situation".Design harbors a "silent language" that is both known and unknown, seen and unseen and nevertheless felt.Design "measures" elements that appear to be veiled yet actively contribute to a process of balancing a certain event or experience. Does an event or experience have a purpose? Does the event or experience have meaning? Symbols have always been "designed" for communicative purposes, they've afforded humanity the opportunity to acquire knowledge, understanding and wisdom, facets similar to the desire behind the scientific paradigm. Design allows you to transcend the mundane (duality) by symbolically placing it into its most appropriate contexts.I am of the opinion that we are all are designers and instrumental in creating and designing our own field of consciousness. Consciousness might be construed as being an "immeasurable" field of awareness when observed and interpreted at its most intimate level. I am of the opinion that Design Consciousness is synergetic both in its context and Source.
* * *
"Synergetics is the system of holistic thinking which R. Buckminster Fuller introduced and began to formulate. Synergetics is multi-faceted: it involves geometric modeling, exploring inter-relationships in the facts of experience and the process of thinking. Synergetics endeavors to identify and understand the methods that Nature actually uses in coordinating Universe (both physically and metaphysically). Synergetics provides a method and a philosophy for problem-solving and design and therefore has applications in all areas of human endeavor."
"Synergetics, in the broadest terms, is the study of spatial complexity, and as such is an inherently comprehensive discipline. ... Experience with synergetics encourages a new way of approaching and solving problems. Its emphasis on visual and spatial phenomena combined with Fuller's holistic approach fosters the kind of lateral thinking which so often leads to creative breakthroughs." - Amy Edmondson, A Fuller Explanation, 1987
Starting with the Universe
Fuller's geometric explorations provided an experiential basis for designing and refining a philosophical language. His overarching concern was the co-occurring relationship between tensile and compressive tendencies within an eternally regenerative Universe. "Universe" is a proper name he defined in terms of "partially overlapping scenarios" while avoiding any static picture or model of same. His Universe was "non-simultaneously conceptual":
Because of the fundamental nonsimultaneity of universal structuring, a single, simultaneous, static model of Universe is inherently both nonexistent and conceptually impossible as well as unnecessary. Ergo, Universe does not have a shape. Do not waste your time, as man has been doing for ages, trying to think of a unit shape "outside of which there must be something," or "within which, at center, there must be a smaller something." (307.04)
U = MP described a first division of Universe into metaphysical and physical aspects, the former associated with invisibly cohesive tension, the latter with energy events, both associative as matter and radiation. (162.00)
Synergetics also distinguished between gravitational and precessional relationships among moving bodies, the latter referring to the vast majority of cosmic relationships, which are non-180-degree and do not involve bodies "falling in" to one another (130.00 533.01, 1009.21). "Precession" is a nuanced term in the synergetics vocabulary, relating to the behavior of gyroscopes, but also to side-effects. (326.13, 1009.92) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergetics_(Fuller)s
I am of the opinion that design is an exercise in abductive reasoning by virtue of its ability to symbolically collect as much "evidence" as possible from resources both seen and unseen. The design process is all inclusive and multidimensional by nature. The design process is based upon a broad spectrum of convergences, i.e. emphasis, concentration, priority, attention, focus.Evidence emerges from a particular point of view that when observed contextually, cognizes into both a specific and collective awareness conducive to future symbolic patterning, aka creativity.When symbolically viewed/observed/perceived within a quantum context/field, the concepts of time can be wildly shortened and in some instances non-existent. This situation requires the need to adhere to the position of a multi dimensional/symbolic thought process. Design's reliance upon signs, symbols, metaphor and analogy creates a field/circumstance supple enough to invite and likewise demonstrate knowledgable, intuitive and heartfelt reasoning and solution. - The Design Registry- Train for any argument with Harvard's former debate coach * * * Abductive reasoning: taking your best shotAbductive reasoning typically begins with an incomplete set of observations and proceeds to the likeliest possible explanation for the set. Abductive reasoning yields the kind of daily decision-making that does its best with the information at hand, which often is incomplete.
A medical diagnosis is an application of abductive reasoning: given this set of symptoms, what is the diagnosis that would best explain most of them? Likewise, when jurors hear evidence in a criminal case, they must consider whether the prosecution or the defense has the best explanation to cover all the points of evidence. While there may be no certainty about their verdict, since there may exist additional evidence that was not admitted in the case, they make their best guess based on what they know.
While cogent inductive reasoning requires that the evidence that might shed light on the subject be fairly complete, whether positive or negative, abductive reasoning is characterized by lack of completeness, either in the evidence, or in the explanation, or both. A patient may be unconscious or fail to report every symptom, for example, resulting in incomplete evidence, or a doctor may arrive at a diagnosis that fails to explain several of the symptoms. Still, he must reach the best diagnosis he can.
The abductive process can be creative, intuitive, even revolutionary. Einstein's work, for example, was not just inductive and deductive, but involved a creative leap of imagination and visualization that scarcely seemed warranted by the mere observation of moving trains and falling elevators. In fact, so much of Einstein's work was done as a "thought experiment" (for he never experimentally dropped elevators), that some of his peers discredited it as too fanciful. Nevertheless, he appears to have been right-until now his remarkable conclusions about space-time continue to be verified experientially.
I am of the opinion that design in coordination and cooperation with science, will create the next paradigm conducive to the evolution of the species and in turn the Earth.
I am of the opinion that the dynamic relationship established between design and science will create the most appropriate technology necessary to advance human awareness towards acquiring an experiential understanding and comprehension of consciousness.
I am of the opinion that every constraint imposed and/or implied in every design situation is a reflection upon the observer/creator of that event or experience.
I am of the opinion that the term "design science" best contains many of the actions necessary to expand human awareness.
I am of the opinion that design and change are synonymous.
I am of the opinion that science along with technology, will bring greater understanding to the concept of design as an expression of a universal Intelligence/Consciousness.I am of the opinion that mathematics to be the tool of the scientific paradigm and symbol, metaphor and analogy to be the tools of design.
Design by nature is theoretical.
in theoryin theory,yourideasoundsgreat,butcanitbepracticallyapplied?in principle,on paper,in the abstract,allthingsbeingequal,inanideal world;hypothetically,theoretically,supposedly.
"To believe is to accept another's truth. To know is your own creation."
The concept of Design Metaphysics has been unintentionally discussed by virtue of the investigative efforts of Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley in their paper titled, "Abductive Reasoning: "Logic, visual thinking, and coherence". I believe that certain qualities attributable to the concept of Design in accordance with Design Metaphysics, are unknowingly veiled in the author's critique of two former models of abductive reasoning mentioned in the paper.
I have highlighted certain comments I believe support my position concerning the concept of ther being a Design Consciousness.
FINAL COMMENTARY
Abductive reasoning: Logic, visual thinking and coherence. Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley, 1997
I am of the opinion that all possible descriptions used to bring to reason any event or experience is wholly dependent upon the categorization of certain pre-defined symbolic relationships that when together bring a degree of awareness to a particular field of choice, focus and/or interest. I’m also of the opinion that consciousness per se, is the product of series of multidimensional relationships made apparent by means of symbolic correspondence.
Statements listed below are based upon issues surrounding the concept of design and the design process. These disclosures are posted in the following blogs:
When designing, methods of reason are dependent upon, 1. the observer/perceiver of the event/experience, 2. the context/field in which this observation/perception is made, 3. the language, i.e. system of symbols used to support and assist in the cognition of an event or experience. Following are quotes from the work of Thagard and Shelley that I believe support the concept of design and design thinking.
Design is symbolic in nature and made apparent by means of signs, symbols, analogy and metaphor.
“Peirce claimed that all thinking is in signs, and that signs can be icons, indices, or symbols.”
“Finally, since elements can be visual or other nonverbal kinds of representation, we have transcended the limitation of abductive reasoning to sentences.”
“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”
“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.” “
“Konolige's definition, like virtually all available accounts of abduction, presumes that explanatory hypotheses are represented sententially. But we will now show that some abductive inference is better understood as using pictorial or other iconic representations.”
“Abduction is then visual because the representations of both what gets explained and what does the explaining use structures that resemble what they represent.”
“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”
The ability to visualize a particular situation is fundamental to design thinking.
“But there are instances of abductive thinking that are most plausibly interpreted as pictorial.”
“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”
“The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and non-sentential representations such as visual ones.”
“But a mode of thinking that is natural for many people is to perform the same kind of thinking pictorially.”
“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would.Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking:”
“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes. In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”
Design thinking/reasoning is both imaginative and intuitive.
“The abductive inference that the accident happened this way involves a mental picture of the other car's door hitting yours. Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would.Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.”
“To understand abduction as a coherence problem, we need to specify the elements and the constraints. The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and nonsentential representations such as visual ones.”
The design process is used for both problem finding and problem solving in addition to creative thinking.
“With verbal representations such as rules, it may be necessary to search through many possible inferences before finding a plausible explanatory hypothesis. But a picture of a situation may immediately suggest a likely cause, if it vividly displays factors that are spatially contiguous and therefore more likely to be causally relevant.”
“Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking.”
“Creative abduction often involves the construction of novel hypotheses involving newly formed concepts such as natural selection or AIDS. For Charles Peirce, who coined the term ``abduction'' a century ago, the introduction of unifying conceptions was an important part of abduction [11, 25], and it would be unfortunate if our understanding of abduction were limited to more mundane cases where hypotheses are simply assembled. Abduction does not occur in the context of a fixed language, since the formation of new hypotheses often goes hand in hand with the development of new theoretical terms such as ``atom,'' ``electron,'' ``quark,'' ``gene,'' ``neuron'' and ``AIDS.''
“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.”
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
Design and the design process include both inductive and deductive reasoning.
Second, the deductive model of explanation does not even provide sufficient conditions for explanation, since there are examples that conform to the model but do not appear to constitute explanations.”
“But other examples such as the flagpole show that some additional notion of causal relevance is crucial to many kinds of explanation, and there is little hope of capturing this notion using logic alone. Contrast Pearl's [20] work on Bayesian networks and Peng and Reggia's [21] model of abduction, which employ ineliminably (?) intuitive notions of causality. A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”
“The plausibility of the lower-level hypothesis comes not only from what it explains, but also from it itself being explained. This kind of hierarchical explanation in which hypotheses explain other hypotheses that explain data is also found in science and medicine;”
“But as both Bayesian and explanatory coherence analyses allow, causes are often themselves effects and assessment of overall acceptability of explanatory hypotheses must take this into account.”
“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential.”
“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.
“Abduction is often thought of as a kind of reverse deduction;”
“A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”
Design along with the design process searches for meaning and purpose.
“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”
“While this requirement may be acceptable for mundane applications, it will not do for interesting cases of belief revision where the introduction of new hypotheses leads to rejection of previously held theories.”
Design oversees the symbiotic process of balancing.
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence.”
Design links the parts with the whole and the whole with its parts.
“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations.”
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning”
“The requirement of completeness makes sense only in limited closed domains such as simple circuits where one can be assured that everything can be explained given the known causes.”
“This is a laudable goal but does not justify building completeness into the definition of an explanation, since the goal is so rarely accomplished in realistic situations. From medicine to science, it is not typically the case that everything can be explained even by the best of theories”.
“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations. The notion of coherence has usually remained vague, but Thagard and Verbeurgt [29] have recently defined coherence in terms of maximization of constraint satisfaction. After briefly stating their definition, we will show how abduction can be reconceptualized as a coherence problem.”
Design harbors all belief systems.
“But simplicity is an elusive notion that is not adequately captured by the relation of subset minimality which deals only with cases where we can prefer an explanation by a set of hypotheses to an explanation by a superset of those hypotheses. We need a broader notion of simplicity to handle cases where the competing explanations are accomplished by sets of hypotheses that are of different sizes but are not subsets of each other.”
“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence. “
”Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
Design invites change and is intuitive by nature.
In scientific reasoning, in contrast, the task is to explain as much of the data as you can and to come up with a set of explanatory hypotheses that is better than the current set. It is a matter of satisficing (choosing the most coherence set of hypotheses) rather than optimizing. Abduction characterized in terms of coherence is still intractable, but efficient approximation algorithms exist. There is also the possibility that heuristic search made possible by visual representations can greatly improve the computability of abductions, although this remains to be shown.
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”
“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would.Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.
Reconceptualization is fundamental to design and the design process.
“But an oversimplified formalization can distract from important aspects of the kinds of reasoning that underlie intelligence. Graph grammars and other techniques for visual representation offer the prospects of developing more general accounts of the nature of abductive reasoning,which should be construed not as a deviant form of deduction, but as a coherence problem.”
Conclusion:
Design by virtue of symbolic representation, is closely associated with abductive reasoning. Design establishes an exploratory context where change and energy can be limitlessly configured and reconfigured into a variety of circumstances, arrangements, networks and solutions. Design is a mentor to the creative process. Design describes an intimate method of conceptual thinking where resolutions surface unexpectedly. Design exercises its own special form of coherency.
I conclude with a comment from Neil de Grasse Tyson.
I believe that a fuller understanding of design’s role in the application of abductive reasoning can meet all future challenges confronting the scientific paradigm, and that in cooperation with a “design template” bring forward a new understanding of the world and consciousness itself.
To be design conscious you must be more than an observer you must be a participant. Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision. Edited: 02.22.2020, 02.27.2020, 03.18.2020, 03.30.2020, 11.30.2020, 01.06.2022, 01.14.2022, 03.18.2022, 03.25.2022, 05.16.2022, 06.13.2022, 07.11.2022, 09.04.2022, 10.04.2022, 12.25.2022, 03.12.2023, 07.30.2023
