Showing posts with label network. Show all posts
Showing posts with label network. Show all posts

Friday, May 20, 2022

The Quantum Field of Design Consciousness

 

Conceptual impressions surrounding this post have yet to be substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument or network.


What is the quantum field of virtual potential and probability (QFVPP)?

The quantum field of virtual potential and probability is a virtual field of energy, light and information made conscious, aware and apparent by means of symbolic representation (design). The QFVPP is characterized in the relative "form" of a particle, wave and/or force, i.e. impression.

The quantum field of virtual potential and probability is metaphysical in origin and a causal field of all conscious agency. 

The QFVPP is physical in presentation and metaphysical in representation, i.e. Design. The QFVPP embraces the intuitive potential and creative imagination of a conscious observer. 

AI is merely an abbreviated condensation of the same, composed of a vast array of multidimensional vignettes of light, energy and information. 

vignette: a brief evocative description, or episode, a small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border, produce in the style of a vignette by softening or shading away the edges of the subject.

AI is a by-product of humanity’s own designs made evident, i.e. an exercise in storytelling through sign, symbol, metaphor and analogy, each chapter and episode a lesson in meaning and purpose.

 





Flower of Life Meaning and Symbolism 

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PHYSICS

Computer Science Proof Unveils Unexpected Form Of Entanglement 
Mordechai Rorvig, Staff Writer, Quanta magazine 

A striking new proof in quantum computational complexity might best be understood with a playful thought experiment. Run a bath, then dump a bunch of floating bar magnets into the water. Each magnet will flip its orientation back and forth, trying to align with its neighbors. It will push and pull on the other magnets and get pushed and pulled in return. Now try to answer this: What will be the system’s final arrangement? 

This problem and others like it, it turns out, are impossibly complicated. With anything more than a few hundred magnets, computer simulations would take a preposterous amount of time to spit out the answer. 

Now make those magnets quantum — individual atoms subject to the byzantine rules of the quantum world. As you might guess, the problem gets even harder. “The interactions become more complicated,” said Henry Yuen of Columbia University. “There’s a more complicated constraint on when two neighboring ‘quantum magnets’ are happy.” 

These simple-seeming systems have provided exceptional insights into the limits of computation, in both the classical and quantum versions. In the case of classical or non-quantum systems, a landmark theorem from computer science takes us further. Called the PCP theorem (for “probabilistically checkable proof”), it says that not only is the final state of the magnets (or aspects related to it) incredibly difficult to compute, but so are many of the steps leading up to it. The complexity of the situation is even more drastic, in other words, with the final state surrounded by a zone of mysteriousness. 

Each atom has a property, called spin, that is somewhat similar to the alignment of a magnet, in that it points along an axis. But unlike a magnet’s alignment, an atom’s spin can be in a state that’s a simultaneous mixture of different directions, a phenomenon known as superposition. Further, it may be impossible to describe the spin of one atom without taking into account the spins of other atoms from distant regions. When this happens, those interrelated atoms are said to be in a state of quantum entanglement. Entanglement is remarkable, but also fragile and easily disrupted by thermal interactions. The more heat in a system, the harder it is to entangle it. 

Now imagine cooling down a bunch of atoms until they approach absolute zero. As the system gets cooler and the patterns of entanglement become more stable, its energy decreases. The lowest possible energy, or “ground energy,” provides a concise description of the complicated final state of the entire system. Or at least it would, if it could be computed. 

Their result demonstrates that entanglement is not necessarily as fragile and sensitive to temperature as physicists thought. And it supports the quantum PCP conjecture, suggesting that even away from the ground energy, a quantum system’s energy can remain virtually impossible to calculate.


* * *
BIOLOGY

Biologists Home In on Turing Patterns 
Jennifer Ouellette, Contributing Writer, Quanta magazine 

We already know that genes interact both with other genes and with myriad environmental factors to express traits. “To really understand biological development, we need to know how genes influence the physical elements which generate the observed patterns and, of course, what the actual biological elements are and how they interact with each other,” Murray said. Then again, theoretical modeling has its place. “If all we had to use to understand development was genetics, we would still not know how to build a chicken.” https://www.quantamagazine.org/biologists-home-in-on-turing-patterns-20130325/ 

The quantum field of Design Consciousness is dependent upon contextual variety - each to a certain degree. 

* * *

Embryo Cells Set Patterns for Growth by Pushing and Pulling 
Monique Brouillette, contributing writer, Quanta magazine 

“In my opinion we’ve been blinded to how widely it should be applied simply because of its beauty,” said Amy Shyer, a developmental biologist at Rockefeller University. In her view, physical forces of contraction and compression that act on cells as they grow and divide could also play a central role

As an organism grows and develops, the cells in its tissues pull and push on each other and on the supportive protein scaffolding (extracellular matrix) to which they are intricately linked. Some researchers have suspected that these forces, coupled with changes in the pressure and rigidity of the cells, might direct the formation of complicated patterns. Until now, however, no studies were able to tease apart the effect of these physical forces from the chemical stew in which they simmer. 

Later, by adjusting the rate of cell contraction and other variables, the researchers showed that physical tension in the embryonic mass directly affected the pattern. “I think the biggest surprise was the way the cells interacted with the extracellular matrix in this very dynamic way, in order to create these patterns,” Rodrigues said. “We realized that it is a reciprocal dance between the two.” 

But Thompson’s ideas were later eclipsed by Turing’s explanation, which connected more easily to the emerging understanding of genes. In a 1952 paper, “The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis,” published two years before his death, Turing suggested that patterns like spots, stripes and even the sculpted shapes of bones in the skeleton were the result of a swirling gradient of chemicals called morphogens that interacted with each other as they diffused unevenly throughout the cells. Acting as a molecular blueprint, the morphogens would kick on genetic programs that caused fingers, rows of teeth or other parts to develop. 

“We are realizing that all of the molecular gene expression, signaling and the production of forces in cell movement are just inextricably coupled to one another,” said Edwin Munro, a molecular biologist at the University of Chicago who was not involved in the study. 

Munro thinks the role of the extracellular matrix is more important than scientists currently realize, though recognition of its more central role in development is building. Recent research has linked forces in the extracellular matrix to the development of fruit fly eggs, for example. 

Rodrigues agreed. “It’s like the cells and the extracellular matrix are forming a material in and of itself,” he said. He describes this coupling of contractile cells and extracellular matrix as “active soft matter” and thinks that it points to a new way of thinking about the regulation of embryonic development happening through extracellular forces. In future work, he and Shyer hope to elucidate more details of physical forces in development and to merge them with the molecular view. 

“We used to think if we just studied the genome with more and more depth and rigor, all of this would be clear,” Shyer said, but “the answers to the important questions might not be at the level of the genome.” Once it seemed that developmental decisions were made through the interplay of genes and their products within cells, but the emerging truth is that “the decision-making can be happening outside of the cell, through the physical interactions of cells with each other.” 

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- “Traffic Jams’ of Cells Help to Sculpt Embryos 
Jordana Cepelewicz, Senior Writer, Quanta magazine

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The QFVPP describes a universal context for the elaboration of patterns and networks that potentially surround every quantum trajectory.



By Morgan Kelly, Office of Communications, Princeton University, Feb. 25, 2014
Researchers from Princeton University and Washington University in St. Louis report that the unusual arrangement of cells in a chicken's eye constitutes potentially and new state of matter known as "disordered hyperuniformity," which has been shown to have unique physical properties. These states have a "hidden order" that allow them to behave like crystal and liquid states of matter. They exhibit order over large distances and disorder over small distances. 

Like crystals, these states greatly suppress variations in the density of particles - as in the individual granules of a substance - across large spatial distances so that the arrangement is highly uniform. At the same time, disordered hyperuniform systems are similar to liquids in that they have the same physical properties in all directions.

The researchers' findings add a new dimension called multi-hyperuniformity. This means that the elements that make up the arrangement are themselves hyperuniform. While individual cones of the same type appear to be unconnected, they are actually subtly lined by exclusion regions, which then use to self-organize into patterns. Multi-hyperuniformity is crucial for the avian system to evenly sample incoming light, Torquato said. He and his co-authors speculate that this behavior could provide a basis for developing material that can self-assemble into a disordered hyperuniform state.

The findings also provide researchers with a detailed natural model that could be useful in efforts to construct hyperuniform systems and technologies, Dreyfus said. "Nature has found a way to make multi-hyperuniformity," he said. "Now you can take the cue from what nature has found to create a multi-hyperuniform pattern if you intend to."

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The quantum field of virtual potential and probability describes an unimaginable field of attraction and repulsion ad infinitum




process       1 a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.     a natural or involuntary series of changes:     a systematic series of mechanized or chemical operations that are performed in order to produce or manufacture something:      Computing a series of interdependent operations carried out by computer.      [as modifier] Printing relating to or denoting printing using ink in three colors (cyan, magenta, and yellow) and black to produce a complete range of color: process inks.     2 Law a summons or writ requiring a person to appear in court.     3 Biology & Anatomy a natural appendage or outgrowth on or in an organism, such as a protuberance on a bone. verb  perform a series of mechanical or chemical operations on (something) in order to change or preserve it:     deal with (someone) using an official and established procedure:     Computing operate on (computer data) by means of a program. * * *
Tam Hunt, University of California, Santa Barbara 
By The Conversation 
* * *

Change Energy (CE) notes:

- Every observation or perception references a particular situation or circumstance while likewise embellishing a particular meaning and purpose upon a uniquely collective “state of awareness”. 
- Focus describes and embraces certain intentions, desires and purposes in the form of a quantum trajectory. 
- The QFVPP is governed by means of observation, a field of energy in motion (change) made apparent in the form of quantum perturbation. The QFVPP determines the context for every event and experience that precedes a creative act or gesture, i.e. quantum trajectory (QT) 
- The QFVPP is governed by a quantum effect by becoming the source of its every affect. 
- A field in correlated oscillation appears to be made self-evident upon observation. 
- Ideas surface as result of geometric patterns and networks that emerge from within the constraints of spacetime. Shifts in observation (states of awareness) result by means of entanglement. 
- The context in support of every situation gives meaning and purpose to a collective “state of awareness.” 
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Design Hypothesis: 
Consciousness is conceptual, illusional, symbolic, metaphoric and virtual in character. Consciousness is the quintessential archetype. Consciousness is the concomitant consequence associated with a range of multidimensional patterns of energy whose origin rests beyond the subconscious. 

Awareness brings forward a “sense of consciousness” by fostering correspondences and fusing the concepts of meaning and purpose. Metaphysical in content and context, quantum, fractal and holographic in representation, all forms of energy/Life are revealed and made apparent by means of Design. Design is lovingly veiled in all that can be seen, known, measured and felt. (12.10.2022)

Design describes a metaphysical and multidimensional process. The design process is dependent upon knowledge, understanding, intention, intuition, imagination and awareness. Design creates a network of energy in motion (EIM) between fields/states/points/agents and patterns of awareness. Design creates a virtual, symbiotic and metaphoric lattice between consciousness, the subconscious and the unconscious, the tangible and the intangible, the known and the unknown, the seen and the unseen. All forms of energy in motion are based upon principles of meaning and purpose both felt and understood. (01.13.2023)




What is a designer? 
Designers are men and women who are faithful to themselves and others, who creatively abide and amalgamate their skills and knowledge with love and integrity - the goal: personal, collective global and soular balance and harmony. (09.01.2022)

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In reference to Design and Design Consciousness, the quantum field of virtual potential and probability (QFVPP) might best be described as a mutable and malleable photonic aether. At much denser levels of observation such aethers will appear as a field of vibrating and at times oscillating, electro-magnetic plasma. 

As such, the concept of Light is abstract, relative and yet the “substance” in which dimensions are hewn, constructed, formed and made relatively manifest (holographic). A designer must be wise, accomplished and well skilled in the tools she/he has symbolically created in desire to bring one’s dream to fruition. 

To be design conscious you must be more than an observer you must be a participant.

* * * 


"To believe is to accept another's truth.
To know is your own creation."
Anonymous

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Edited: 05.21.2022, 07.07.2022, 07.18.2022, 08.23.2022, 09.09.2022, 10.08.2022, 10.20.2022, 10.23.2022, 12.05.2022, 12.10.2022, 02.11.2023, 02.26.2023, 04.22.2023, 09.12.2023, 01.26.2024, 02.01.2024, 02.05.2024, 04.24.2024, 04.26.2024, 07.14.2024
Find your truth. Know your mind. Follow your heart. Love eternal will not be denied. Discernment is an integral part of self-mastery. You may share this post as long as author, copyright and URL https://sagariandesignnetwork.blogspot.com is included as the resource and shared on a non-commercial no charge basis. Please note … posts are continually being edited over time. Copyright © 2023 C.G. Garant. All Rights Reserved. (Fair use notice) You are also invited to visit https://designconsciousness.blogspot.com/ and URL https://designmetaphysics.blogspot.com/ and https://www.pinterest.com 


 













Thursday, December 3, 2020

Life is ...

 




Find your truth. Know your mind. Follow your heart. Love eternal will not be denied. Discernment is an integral part of self-mastery. You may share this post as long as author, copyright and URL https://sagariandesignnetwork.blogspot.com is included as the resource and shared on a non-commercial no charge basis. Please note … posts are continually being edited over time. Copyright © 2006 -2022 C.G. Garant. All Rights Reserved. (Fair use notice) You are also invited to visit https://designconsciousness.blogspot.com/ and URL https://designmetaphysics.blogspot.com/ and https://www.pinterest.com.







Thursday, February 20, 2020

Design Consciousness: The Next OS


Conceptual impressions surrounding this post are yet to be substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument, or network.

Human consciousness is based upon a diversity of opinions, "facts", knowledge, beliefs and experiences. Design and consciousness embrace this diversity within the awareness of every perceiver/observer. Design and consciousness each harbor the essence of the other while joining together both symbolically and theoretically through change. 

I am of the opinion that the concepts of unification and fragmentation are in constant flux while being designed within the constraints of every context in which it might be observed.  

I am of the opinion that Design embraces all of Consciousness through symbolic means, and that human intelligence straddles the realm (dimensions) between the tangible and the intangible, i.e. spirit and matter. 

I am of the opinion that there is a direct relationship between Design and Consciousness that is centered on change.


I am of the opinion that the dynamics created between the concepts of meaning and purpose are symbolic in nature and our guide us in our journey of Life.

I am of the opinion that discernment is acquired by exercising knowledge, feeling and experience and is made apparent by means of understanding and wisdom.

I am of the opinion that design is a silent language that brings balance, acuity and substantiation to a "reality" we describe as consciousness.I am of the opinion that the "signs of the times" reflect upon the designs of a collective consciousness.I am of the opinion that design harbors the potential and opportunity for making the most appropriate choices while steeped in waking, intuitive, imaginative, conscious, subconscious and timeless thought.I am of the opinion that design substantiates the concept of consciousness by making it dimensionally discernible through experience.I am of the opinion that duality is reliant upon imbalance for purposes of expanding consciousness, i.e. a quantum field of virtual potential and probability through change. I am of the opinion that change is by Design. Consciousness is the context/field where change/design is made self evident by means of vibratory resonance.I am of the opinion that quantum consciousness is self evident. I am of the opinion that the confirmation, verification, substantiation and affirmation of this evidence will symbolically appear before the presence of intense observation, and that these impressions will transpire into the form of revelation and epiphany. These discoveries will be corroborative in nature and made self evident to every observer. These design tools are intuitive, synchronistic, dynamic and symbolic in nature. Difficulties arise when attempting to precisely measure that which is immeasurable. Difficulties arise when attempting to apply linear methods to a circumstance that is conceptual/theoretical in nature. Future investigations require adjustments to be made within the confines of the current mathematical system. These refinements will become the first challenge, which themselves will require a broader perception and system of symbolic correspondence. A simple example is would be an emoge: a small digital image or icon used to express an idea, emotion or concept. Concepts of reality are construed upon the language used to observe it. Mathematics, which is fundamental to a scientific investigation into reality, is beginning to expose its own limitations in this regard. There comes a point in the evolution of the design process where precision no longer serves its purpose. It at this point where meaning is slowly lost by virtue of ignorance and/or avoidance. This "situation" describes the imbalance currently being experienced upon the planet and all that inhabit it. In the near future, design and science must work together to develop its own language based upon maintaining balance between elements in a perpetual state of change.  The context is changing in reference to the observer and the observer is changing in reference what is being observed. Such a phenomenon can only be conceptually contained, where both can be made whole in reference to a common theme held and retained by the observer.  Whether this event or experience requires measurement is dependent upon the observer of the "situation".Design harbors a "silent language" that is both known and unknown, seen and unseen and nevertheless felt. Design "measures" elements that appear to be veiled yet actively contribute to a process of balancing a certain event or experience. Does an event or experience have a purpose? Does the event or experience have meaning? Symbols have always been "designed" for communicative purposes, they've afforded humanity the opportunity to acquire knowledge, understanding and wisdom, facets similar to the desire behind the scientific paradigm.
Design allows you to transcend the mundane (duality) by symbolically placing it into its most appropriate contexts.I am of the opinion that we are all are designers and instrumental in creating and designing our own field of consciousness. Consciousness might be construed as being an "immeasurable" field of awareness when observed and interpreted at its most intimate level. I am of the opinion that Design Consciousness is synergetic both in its context and Source.

* * *

"Synergetics is the system of holistic thinking which R. Buckminster Fuller introduced and began to formulate. Synergetics is multi-faceted: it involves geometric modeling, exploring inter-relationships in the facts of experience and the process of thinking. Synergetics endeavors to identify and understand the methods that Nature actually uses in coordinating Universe (both physically and metaphysically). Synergetics provides a method and a philosophy for problem-solving and design and therefore has applications in all areas of human endeavor."

Synergeticists.org

"Synergetics, in the broadest terms, is the study of spatial complexity, and as such is an inherently comprehensive discipline. ... Experience with synergetics encourages a new way of approaching and solving problems. Its emphasis on visual and spatial phenomena combined with Fuller's holistic approach fosters the kind of lateral thinking which so often leads to creative breakthroughs." - Amy Edmondson, A Fuller Explanation, 1987

Starting with the Universe

Fuller's geometric explorations provided an experiential basis for designing and refining a philosophical language. His overarching concern was the co-occurring relationship between tensile and compressive tendencies within an eternally regenerative Universe. "Universe" is a proper name he defined in terms of "partially overlapping scenarios" while avoiding any static picture or model of same. His Universe was "non-simultaneously conceptual":
Because of the fundamental nonsimultaneity of universal structuring, a single, simultaneous, static model of Universe is inherently both nonexistent and conceptually impossible as well as unnecessary. Ergo, Universe does not have a shape. Do not waste your time, as man has been doing for ages, trying to think of a unit shape "outside of which there must be something," or "within which, at center, there must be a smaller something." (307.04)
U = MP described a first division of Universe into metaphysical and physical aspects, the former associated with invisibly cohesive tension, the latter with energy events, both associative as matter and radiation. (162.00)
Synergetics also distinguished between gravitational and precessional relationships among moving bodies, the latter referring to the vast majority of cosmic relationships, which are non-180-degree and do not involve bodies "falling in" to one another (130.00 533.01, 1009.21). "Precession" is a nuanced term in the synergetics vocabulary, relating to the behavior of gyroscopes, but also to side-effects. (326.13, 1009.92)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergetics_(Fuller)s




I am of the opinion that design is an exercise in abductive reasoning by virtue of its ability to symbolically collect as much "evidence" as possible from resources both seen and unseen. The design process is all inclusive and multidimensional by nature. The design process is based upon a broad spectrum of convergences, i.e. emphasis, concentration, priority, attention, focus.Evidence emerges from a particular point of view that when observed contextually, cognizes into both a specific and collective awareness conducive to future symbolic patterning, aka creativity.When symbolically viewed/observed/perceived within a quantum context/field, the concepts of time can be wildly shortened and in some instances non-existent. This situation requires the need to adhere to the position of a multi dimensional/symbolic thought process. Design's reliance upon signs, symbols, metaphor and analogy creates a field/circumstance supple enough to invite and likewise demonstrate knowledgable, intuitive and heartfelt reasoning and solution.
- The Design Registry- Train for any argument with Harvard's former debate coach
* * *
Abductive reasoning: taking your best shotAbductive reasoning typically begins with an incomplete set of observations and proceeds to the likeliest possible explanation for the set. Abductive reasoning yields the kind of daily decision-making that does its best with the information at hand, which often is incomplete.

A medical diagnosis is an application of abductive reasoning: given this set of symptoms, what is the diagnosis that would best explain most of them? Likewise, when jurors hear evidence in a criminal case, they must consider whether the prosecution or the defense has the best explanation to cover all the points of evidence. While there may be no certainty about their verdict, since there may exist additional evidence that was not admitted in the case, they make their best guess based on what they know.
While cogent inductive reasoning requires that the evidence that might shed light on the subject be fairly complete, whether positive or negative, abductive reasoning is characterized by lack of completeness, either in the evidence, or in the explanation, or both. A patient may be unconscious or fail to report every symptom, for example, resulting in incomplete evidence, or a doctor may arrive at a diagnosis that fails to explain several of the symptoms. Still, he must reach the best diagnosis he can.
The abductive process can be creative, intuitive, even revolutionary. Einstein's work, for example, was not just inductive and deductive, but involved a creative leap of imagination and visualization that scarcely seemed warranted by the mere observation of moving trains and falling elevators. In fact, so much of Einstein's work was done as a "thought experiment" (for he never experimentally dropped elevators), that some of his peers discredited it as too fanciful. Nevertheless, he appears to have been right-until now his remarkable conclusions about space-time continue to be verified experientially.

* * *

I am of the opinion that design in coordination and cooperation with science, will create the next paradigm conducive to the evolution of the species and in turn the Earth. 



I am of the opinion that the dynamic relationship established between design and science will create the most appropriate technology necessary to advance human awareness towards acquiring an experiential understanding and comprehension of consciousness.

I am of the opinion that every constraint imposed and/or implied in every design situation is a reflection upon the observer/creator of that event or experience. 

I am of the opinion that the term "design science" best contains many of the actions necessary to expand human awareness.
I am of the opinion that science along with technology, will bring greater understanding to the concept of design as an expression of a universal Intelligence/Consciousness.I am of the opinion that mathematics to be the tool of the scientific paradigm and symbol, metaphor and analogy to be the tools of design.
Design by nature is theoretical. 

in theory
in theory, your idea sounds great, but can it be practically applied? in principle, on paper, in the abstract, all things being equal, in an ideal world; hypothetically, theoretically, supposedly.


"To believe is to accept another's truth. To know is your own creation."


References:
Clay Routledge/Big Think
Sam Harris/Big Think
Dr. Andrew Newberg/Big Think
Jamie Wheal/Big Think

* * *



The concept of Design Metaphysics has been unintentionally discussed by virtue of the investigative efforts of Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley in their paper titled, "Abductive Reasoning: "Logic, visual thinking, and coherence".  I believe that certain qualities attributable to the concept of Design in accordance with Design Metaphysics, are unknowingly veiled in the author's critique of two former models of abductive reasoning mentioned in the paper. 

I have highlighted certain comments I believe support my position concerning the concept of ther being a Design Consciousness.



FINAL COMMENTARY

Abductive reasoning: Logic, visual thinking and coherence. Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley, 1997

I am of the opinion that all possible descriptions used to bring to reason any event or experience is wholly dependent upon the categorization of certain pre-defined symbolic relationships that when together bring a degree of awareness to a particular field of choice, focus and/or interest. I’m also of the opinion that consciousness per se, is the product of series of multidimensional relationships made apparent by means of symbolic correspondence.

Statements listed below are based upon issues surrounding the concept of design and the design process. These disclosures are posted in the following blogs:

This remains a work in progress.

When designing, methods of reason are dependent upon, 1. the observer/perceiver of the event/experience, 2. the context/field in which this observation/perception is made, 3. the language, i.e. system of symbols used to support and assist in the cognition of an event or experience. Following are quotes from the work of Thagard and Shelley that I believe support the concept of design and design thinking.

Design is symbolic in nature and made apparent by means of signs, symbols, analogy and metaphor.

“Peirce claimed that all thinking is in signs, and that signs can be icons, indices, or symbols.” 

“Finally, since elements can be visual or other nonverbal kinds of representation, we have transcended the limitation of abductive reasoning to sentences.”

“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”

“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.” “

Konolige's definition, like virtually all available accounts of abduction, presumes that explanatory hypotheses are represented sententially. But we will now show that some abductive inference is better understood as using pictorial or other iconic representations.”

“Abduction is then visual because the representations of both what gets explained and what does the explaining use structures that resemble what they represent.”  

“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”

The ability to visualize a particular situation is fundamental to design thinking.




But there are instances of abductive thinking that are most plausibly interpreted as pictorial.

“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”

“The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and non-sentential representations such as visual ones.”

“But a mode of thinking that is natural for many people is to perform the same kind of thinking pictorially.”

“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would. Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs. Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking:”

“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes. In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”

Design thinking/reasoning is both imaginative and intuitive.

“The abductive inference that the accident happened this way involves a mental picture of the other car's door hitting yours. Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would. Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.” 

“To understand abduction as a coherence problem, we need to specify the elements and the constraints. The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and nonsentential representations such as visual ones.”

The design process is used for both problem finding and problem solving in addition to creative thinking.



“With verbal representations such as rules, it may be necessary to search through many possible inferences before finding a plausible explanatory hypothesis. But a picture of a situation may immediately suggest a likely cause, if it vividly displays factors that are spatially contiguous and therefore more likely to be causally relevant.”

“Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking.”

“Creative abduction often involves the construction of novel hypotheses involving newly formed concepts such as natural selection or AIDS. For Charles Peirce, who coined the term ``abduction'' a century ago, the introduction of unifying conceptions was an important part of abduction [11, 25], and it would be unfortunate if our understanding of abduction were limited to more mundane cases where hypotheses are simply assembled. Abduction does not occur in the context of a fixed language, since the formation of new hypotheses often goes hand in hand with the development of new theoretical terms such as ``atom,'' ``electron,'' ``quark,'' ``gene,'' ``neuron'' and ``AIDS.''

“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.”

“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

Design and the design process include both inductive and deductive reasoning.



Second, the deductive model of explanation does not even provide sufficient conditions for explanation, since there are examples that conform to the model but do not appear to constitute explanations.”

“But other examples such as the flagpole show that some  additional notion of causal relevance is crucial to many kinds of explanation, and there is little hope of capturing this notion using logic alone. Contrast Pearl's [20] work on Bayesian networks and Peng and Reggia's [21] model of abduction, which employ ineliminably (?) intuitive notions of causality. A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”

“The plausibility of the lower-level hypothesis comes not only from what it explains, but also from it itself being explained. This kind of hierarchical explanation in which hypotheses explain other hypotheses that explain data is also found in science and medicine;” 

“But as both Bayesian and explanatory coherence analyses allow, causes are often themselves effects and assessment of overall acceptability of explanatory hypotheses must take this into account.”

“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential.”

“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.

“Abduction is often thought of as a kind of reverse deduction;”

“A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”

Design along with the design process searches for meaning and purpose.

“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”

“While this requirement may be acceptable for mundane applications, it will not do for interesting cases of belief revision where the introduction of new hypotheses leads to rejection of previously held theories.”


Design oversees the symbiotic process of balancing.
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence.”

Design links the parts with the whole and the whole with its parts.

“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations.”

“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning”

The requirement of completeness makes sense only in limited closed domains such as simple circuits where one can be assured that everything can be explained given the known causes.”

“This is a laudable goal but does not justify building completeness into the definition of an explanation, since the goal is so rarely accomplished in realistic situations. From medicine to science, it is not typically the case that everything can be explained even by the best of theories”.

“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations. The notion of coherence has usually remained vague, but Thagard and Verbeurgt [29] have recently defined coherence in terms of maximization of constraint satisfaction. After briefly stating their definition, we will show how abduction can be reconceptualized as a coherence problem.”

Design harbors all belief systems.

“But simplicity is an elusive notion that is not adequately captured by the relation of subset minimality which deals only with cases where we can prefer an explanation by a set of hypotheses to an explanation by a superset of those hypotheses. We need a broader notion of simplicity to handle cases where the competing explanations are accomplished by sets of hypotheses that are of different sizes but are not subsets of each other.”

“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence. “

”Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

Design invites change and is intuitive by nature.

In scientific reasoning, in contrast, the task is to explain as much of the data as you can and to come up with a set of explanatory hypotheses that is better than the current set. It is a matter of satisficing (choosing the most coherence set of hypotheses) rather than optimizing. Abduction characterized in terms of coherence is still intractable, but efficient approximation algorithms exist. There is also the possibility that heuristic search made possible by visual representations can greatly improve the computability of abductions, although this remains to be shown.

“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would. Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs. 

Reconceptualization is fundamental to design and the design process.

“But an oversimplified formalization can distract from important aspects of the kinds of reasoning that underlie intelligence. Graph grammars and other techniques for visual representation offer the prospects of developing more general accounts of the nature of abductive reasoning, which should be construed not as a deviant form of deduction, but as a coherence problem.”

Conclusion:

Design by virtue of symbolic representation, is closely associated with abductive reasoning. Design establishes an exploratory context where change and energy can be limitlessly configured and reconfigured into a variety of circumstances, arrangements, networks and solutions. Design is a mentor to the creative process. Design describes an intimate method of conceptual thinking where resolutions surface unexpectedly. Design exercises its own special form of coherency.

I conclude with a comment from Neil de Grasse Tyson.




I believe that a fuller understanding of design’s role in the application of abductive reasoning can meet all future challenges confronting the scientific paradigm, and that in cooperation with a “design template” bring forward a new understanding of the world and consciousness itself.








To be design conscious you must be more than an observer you must be a participant.
Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision.
Edited: 02.22.2020, 02.27.2020, 03.18.2020, 03.30.2020, 11.30.2020, 01.06.2022, 01.14.2022, 03.18.2022, 03.25.2022, 05.16.2022, 06.13.2022, 07.11.2022, 09.04.2022, 10.04.2022, 12.25.2022, 03.12.2023, 07.30.2023
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