Showing posts with label science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label science. Show all posts

Friday, March 5, 2021

Design Language

Conceptual impressions surrounding this post are yet to be substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument, or network. Objective: To generate symbolic links between scientific discovery, design awareness and consciousness.

"The universe cannot be read until we have learned the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word. Without these, one is wandering about in a dark labyrinth." 


"First, images we build in our minds when we try to picture light or particles of matter are not appropriate. Language itself struggles to address quantum reality, since it is limited to verbalizations of those mental images."
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"Meta-representation is the ability to represent a representation - being able to attach an abstract concept or meaning to a separate entity - and enables humans to adapt to their environment in real-time unlike most animals who can only adapt through slow genetic change over evolutionary time. Examples are using symbolism and metaphor, which for humans are second nature and taken for granted. But verbal and written language are only possible because we can abstract the idea of a thing and assign it a name - a symbol - that can be spoken and written. The perceiver understand that the symbol refers to a thing that is not a symbol itself."
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Mathematics is a design expression.




Design harbors a vibratory language.

Design presents itself in the form of signs, symbols, metaphor and analogy. Design has a meaning and a purpose. Design brings meaning and purpose to Life. Design broadens consciousness through awareness. Design harbors a hidden and aetheric language that is felt and not fully understood.


Design has a science and philosophy all its own, a language that connects the realms of Truth, Beauty and Goodness. Specifically, if you have to ask what design is, no one could ever explain it to you.
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"The political and social power of symbols was central to Burke's scholarship throughout his career. He felt that through understanding "what is involved when we say what people are doing and why they are doing it", we could gain insight into the cognitive basis for our perception of the world.
The use of rhetoric conveys aesthetic and social competence which is why a text can rarely be reduced to purely scientific or political implications. according to Burke. Rhetoric forms our social identity by a series of events usually based on linguistics, but more generally by the use of any symbolic figures. He uses the metaphor of a drama to articulate this point, where interdependent characters speak and communicate with each other while allowing the others to do the same. Also, Burke describes identification as a function of persuasive appeal."

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"It’s important to understand that emotions are not the same as feelings. Emotions are responses the mind makes from a space of defining something as being either Good or Bad."

Design is veiled in our thoughts and feelings. Design is internal and external, seen and unseen, tangible and intangible, shared and personal. Design is euphemistic. Design is coded - marks, images and impressions that when placed in a certain order or pattern become inscribed in the form of a "signature". 

code:     1 a system of words, letters, figures, or other symbols substituted for other words, letters, etc., especially for the purposes of secrecy:      a system of signals, such as sounds, light flashes, or flags, used to send messages:     a series of letters, numbers, or symbols assigned to something for the purposes of classification or identification:     2 Computing program instructions:     3 a systematic collection of laws or regulations:      a set of conventions governing behavior or activity in a particular sphere: a dress code.      a set of rules and standards adhered to by a society, class, or individual:

verb: 1 convert (the words of a message) into a particular code in order to convey a secret meaning: • express the meaning of (a statement or communication) in an indirect or euphemistic way: (as adjective coded) : • assign a code to (something) for purposes of classification, analysis, or identification.

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Author: Hiroshi Matsuda,  Tokyo University of Science 
Colexification is a phenomenon in which the occurrence of a single word is associated with multiple concepts that share semantic relationships. The analysis of colexification is an innovative linguistic method for indirect semantic associativity analysis, leveraging existing semantic relations without the need for additional data. 
The findings of this study may offer novel insights into the evolution of languages and cross-cultural communication since words are considered to be intricately connected to emotions. The outcomes gain significance amid the increasing importance of comprehending natural language processing. 
A better understanding of natural language processing will also aid in the development of language processing algorithms and large language models (LLMs).
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The meaning of emotion: Cultural and biological evolution impact how humans feel feelings  
By Max Planck Society 
"Despite the wide variation of emotion semantics, researchers found evidence of a universal structure constraining the emotion concepts that form colexification networks. Valencethe pleasantness or unpleasantness of an emotion—and activationthe physiological arousal associated with experiencing an emotion—are the strongest predictors of network membership. "The ability of valence and activation to predict structure in emotion semantics across language families suggests that these are common psycho-physiological dimensions shared by all humans," says senior author Kristen Lindquist." 
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Alan J. Steinberg M.D.
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Design's whispers are caressed within the voice of silence.

As the context changes so does the observer.  Design is forever being recalibrated. When contexts change so do past and present impressions no longer becoming part of an observer's vocabulary. As contexts change new designs surface - in the moment. The syntax of every language must be designed to adapt in conjunction with the signs, symbols, codes, programs and forms that together support it. 

Awareness, consciousness, language and design are all synonymous.

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What is the quantum field of virtual potential and probability (QFVPP)?
The quantum field of virtual potential and probability is a virtual field of energy, light and information made conscious, aware and apparent by means of symbolic representation (design). The QFVPP is characterized in the relative "form" of a particle, wave and/or force, i.e. impression.

Hypothesis: a quantum field of virtual potential and probability (QFVPP) permeates all that can be known or believed

The QFVPP symbolizes a multidimensional condition where energy is in perpetual motion and change is eternal. The QFVPP has no boundary other than those brought into cognition within the constraints of an observer. It is within this hypothetical state of timeless Attendance that design and consciousness (Design Consciousness) are felt, observed, communicated and measured.




Light, energy, information, consciousness and design are attributes of an aetheric Presence, a virtual field of potential and probability made self-evident by means of a symbolic language known only to the observer. 

Sciences' current description and interpretation of the QFVPP demonstrates its endeavor to measure (quantify) and describe (qualify) a conceptual state of Awareness within the parameters of a particular system of belief and knowing. 

Mathematics is a symbolic language designed in the form and shape of numbers, signs and impressions.

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Symbolic behavior in AI refers to a system's ability to use symbols to represent objects, concepts, and relationships, manipulating them with rules to perform tasks like reasoning, problem-solving, and making inferences. This approach, often called symbolic AI or classical AI, uses high-level, human-readable logic, a key difference from data-driven methods like neural networks. Examples include representing "sphere," "cylinder," and "cube" as symbols and applying rules like "two objects are similar if they are of the same size or color". 
How it works 
Symbolic representation: Uses symbols (like words or labels) to stand for things in the world, such as red, blue, sphere, or cube. 
Rule-based manipulation: Employs explicit rules to define relationships between these symbols and to operate on them. 
Inference and reasoning: Uses the rules to logically deduce new information or find solutions to problems. For example, if a system knows red is a color and sphere is an object, it can process a rule to find all red spheres. 
Human-like logic: Aims to mimic human reasoning processes, making it particularly useful for tasks requiring planning and decision-making where transparency is important. 
Arbitrary designation: A core principle is that symbols can arbitrarily represent anything, and their meaning is understood through convention, not just their content. This is how scientific concepts like "genes" are created to describe recurring situations. 

Examples of symbolic behavior in AI 
Control systems: A thermostat uses symbolic rules to represent temperature settings and the current room temperature to control the heating or cooling. 
Decision support: Systems that calculate taxes or provide diagnostic advice are often based on a set of symbolic rules and logical steps. 
Automating simple tasks: An AI that moves all invoices from certain clients into a dedicated folder is performing a symbolic task based on a simple rule. 
Neuro-symbolic AI: This hybrid approach combines symbolic reasoning with the pattern-recognition strengths of neural networks. For example, a system might use a neural network to recognize a red bicycle in an image and then use symbolic rules to answer a question about it. 

Strengths and weaknesses 
• Strengths: 
o Transparency: The reasoning process is often explicit and easy for humans to understand. 
o Explainability: Makes it easier to audit and understand why a system made a particular decision. 
o Ethical AI: Can be used to directly encode ethical rules and reduce bias. 
Weaknesses: 
o Brittleness: Systems can fail if they encounter a situation not covered by their rules. 
o Scalability: Can struggle with large, complex, and ambiguous problems that are difficult to represent with explicit rules. 
o Knowledge acquisition: Creating the initial set of symbols and rules can be a significant manual effort. 
Google
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Symbolic Behaviour in Artificial Intelligence,  Adam Santoro, Andrew Lampinen, Kory Mathewson, Timothy Lillicrap 

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“All of humanity wears a different instruction of symbols. Like a key encryption it allows them entrance into numerous levels of light yet to be presented on earth.” 





"Creativity is the ability to introduce order into the randomness of nature."



“I look for what needs to be done. After all, that’s how the universe designs itself.”

R. Buckminster Fuller


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Design as a Vibratory Language 
Design is not merely function or form; it is a vibratory language that resonates beyond words. It emerges through signs, symbols, metaphors, and analogies—each a carrier of meaning and intention. Design gives shape to purpose, and in turn, bestows meaning upon life itself. It acts as a conduit through which awareness is broadened and consciousness elevated. 

Design is a language we feel rather than fully comprehend. It speaks in silence, whispers in intuition, and gestures through impression. It is at once hidden and luminous, veiled and revealing—an aetheric language sensed on the threshold of perception. 

It holds a science and a philosophy uniquely its own, a semiotic bridge uniting the archetypal triad of Truth, Beauty, and Goodness. As with certain mysteries, if you must ask what design is, no explanation will suffice. It is an experiential reality that eludes reduction. 

Design is woven into our thoughts and emotions, intrinsic to both our inner landscapes and the external world. It exists at the intersection of the seen and unseen, the tangible and the intangible, the personal and the collective. Design is euphemistic. 
It is coded—expressed through marks, images, and impressions that, when ordered into meaningful patterns, become a kind of signature, a symbolic signature of consciousness. 

It is through design that impressions—ideas, imaginings, intuitions—find a framework. Design transmutes conceptual thought and feeling into a quantum language of holographic ideas and energetic impressions. It creates the context within which these impressions can be most fully realized, revealing themselves in the appropriate form, in the appropriate moment. 

Design's whispers are carried in the voice of silence. 

As context changes, so too does the observer. Design is perpetually recalibrated in response to shifting environments, states of awareness, and evolving interpretations. Past impressions may fall away; new ones emerge. With each change in context, the syntax of design—and of language itself—must adapt to encompass new symbols, codes, programs, and forms. In this way, design is not fixed but dynamic: a living intelligence that co-evolves with consciousness. 

In this sense, awareness, consciousness, language, and design are fundamentally synonymous—interwoven aspects of a deeper whole. 

On the Quantum Field of Virtual Potential and Probability (QFVPP) 
What is the Quantum Field of Virtual Potential and Probability? 
The QFVPP is a theoretical substratum—an omnipresent virtual field composed of light, energy, and information. It exists as a latent matrix of all that could be known or believed, awaiting symbolic activation through observation and interpretation. 

This field is characterized by the potentiality of form, manifesting as particle, wave, or force—impressions born from symbolic cognition. It symbolizes a multidimensional realm where energy flows in constant motion and transformation is eternal. 

Hypothesis: A quantum field of virtual potential and probability permeates all levels of perception, imagination, and knowledge. 

The QFVPP is boundless except where the observer imposes boundaries—through belief, perception, or language. It is within this state of timeless Attendance that design and consciousness become mutually reflective and co-creative. In this space, we engage what may be called Design Consciousness—the felt experience of form arising from formless potential. 

Light, energy, information, consciousness, and design are not isolated phenomena but expressions of an aetheric Presence—an intelligent field of symbolic resonance. This field becomes self-evident only through the observer’s interpretive lens. 

Science, in its current trajectory, attempts to measure this field through quantification and qualification—rendering abstract awareness into models that fit within existing paradigms of logic, reason, and empirical validation. Yet these efforts may capture only shadows of the full dimension—glimpses of the symbolic undercurrent that gives rise to all perceptual and conceptual reality. 

Symbolic Behavior and Artificial Intelligence 
Mathematics exemplifies symbolic behavior. It is a constructed language—numbers, signs, and impressions arranged with syntactic precision. In AI and computational systems, symbolic behavior allows for representation, inference, and understanding within a constrained yet scalable domain. But even here, the origin of symbolic logic is rooted in design—the ordering principle behind the intelligibility of reality. 

The author generated this text in part with GPT-3, OpenAI’s large-scale language-generation model. Upon generating draft language, the author reviewed, edited, and revised the language to their own liking and takes ultimate responsibility for the content of this publication.
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"Design is the dialogue
  between soul and form."

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Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision.




Edited: 04.24.2021, 04.30.2021, 05.21.2021, 07.17.2021, 07.28.2021, 12.13.2021, 01.07.2022, 03.18.2022, 03.25.2022, 01.13.2023, 02.14.2023, 02.26.2023, 03.23.2023, 04.28.2023, 05.17.2023, 07.12.2023, 08.15.2023, 09.08.2023, 11.28.2023, 01.22.2024, 01.29.2024, 02.03.2024, 03.18.2024, 12.26.2024, 02.02.2025, 05.15.2025, 09.21.2025, 11.10.2025
Find your truth. Know your mind. Follow your heart. Love eternal will not be denied. Discernment is an integral part of self-mastery. You may share this post as long as author, copyright and URL https://sagariandesignnetwork.blogspot.com is included as the resource and shared on a non-commercial no charge basis. Please note … posts are continually being edited over time. Copyright © 2023 C.G. Garant. All Rights Reserved. (Fair use notice) You are also invited to visit https://designconsciousness.blogspot.com/ and URL https://designmetaphysics.blogspot.com/ and https://www.pinterest.com 



















Thursday, February 20, 2020

Design Consciousness: The Next OS


Conceptual impressions surrounding this post are yet to be substantiated, corroborated, confirmed or woven into a larger argument, or network.

Human consciousness is based upon a diversity of opinions, "facts", knowledge, beliefs and experiences. Design and consciousness embrace this diversity within the awareness of every perceiver/observer. Design and consciousness each harbor the essence of the other while joining together both symbolically and theoretically through change. 

I am of the opinion that the concepts of unification and fragmentation are in constant flux while being designed within the constraints of every context in which it might be observed.  

I am of the opinion that Design embraces all of Consciousness through symbolic means, and that human intelligence straddles the realm (dimensions) between the tangible and the intangible, i.e. spirit and matter. 

I am of the opinion that there is a direct relationship between Design and Consciousness that is centered on change.


I am of the opinion that the dynamics created between the concepts of meaning and purpose are symbolic in nature and our guide us in our journey of Life.

I am of the opinion that discernment is acquired by exercising knowledge, feeling and experience and is made apparent by means of understanding and wisdom.

I am of the opinion that design is a silent language that brings balance, acuity and substantiation to a "reality" we describe as consciousness.I am of the opinion that the "signs of the times" reflect upon the designs of a collective consciousness.I am of the opinion that design harbors the potential and opportunity for making the most appropriate choices while steeped in waking, intuitive, imaginative, conscious, subconscious and timeless thought.I am of the opinion that design substantiates the concept of consciousness by making it dimensionally discernible through experience.I am of the opinion that duality is reliant upon imbalance for purposes of expanding consciousness, i.e. a quantum field of virtual potential and probability through change. I am of the opinion that change is by Design. Consciousness is the context/field where change/design is made self evident by means of vibratory resonance.I am of the opinion that quantum consciousness is self evident. I am of the opinion that the confirmation, verification, substantiation and affirmation of this evidence will symbolically appear before the presence of intense observation, and that these impressions will transpire into the form of revelation and epiphany. These discoveries will be corroborative in nature and made self evident to every observer. These design tools are intuitive, synchronistic, dynamic and symbolic in nature. Difficulties arise when attempting to precisely measure that which is immeasurable. Difficulties arise when attempting to apply linear methods to a circumstance that is conceptual/theoretical in nature. Future investigations require adjustments to be made within the confines of the current mathematical system. These refinements will become the first challenge, which themselves will require a broader perception and system of symbolic correspondence. A simple example is would be an emoge: a small digital image or icon used to express an idea, emotion or concept. Concepts of reality are construed upon the language used to observe it. Mathematics, which is fundamental to a scientific investigation into reality, is beginning to expose its own limitations in this regard. There comes a point in the evolution of the design process where precision no longer serves its purpose. It at this point where meaning is slowly lost by virtue of ignorance and/or avoidance. This "situation" describes the imbalance currently being experienced upon the planet and all that inhabit it. In the near future, design and science must work together to develop its own language based upon maintaining balance between elements in a perpetual state of change.  The context is changing in reference to the observer and the observer is changing in reference what is being observed. Such a phenomenon can only be conceptually contained, where both can be made whole in reference to a common theme held and retained by the observer.  Whether this event or experience requires measurement is dependent upon the observer of the "situation".Design harbors a "silent language" that is both known and unknown, seen and unseen and nevertheless felt. Design "measures" elements that appear to be veiled yet actively contribute to a process of balancing a certain event or experience. Does an event or experience have a purpose? Does the event or experience have meaning? Symbols have always been "designed" for communicative purposes, they've afforded humanity the opportunity to acquire knowledge, understanding and wisdom, facets similar to the desire behind the scientific paradigm.
Design allows you to transcend the mundane (duality) by symbolically placing it into its most appropriate contexts.I am of the opinion that we are all are designers and instrumental in creating and designing our own field of consciousness. Consciousness might be construed as being an "immeasurable" field of awareness when observed and interpreted at its most intimate level. I am of the opinion that Design Consciousness is synergetic both in its context and Source.

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"Synergetics is the system of holistic thinking which R. Buckminster Fuller introduced and began to formulate. Synergetics is multi-faceted: it involves geometric modeling, exploring inter-relationships in the facts of experience and the process of thinking. Synergetics endeavors to identify and understand the methods that Nature actually uses in coordinating Universe (both physically and metaphysically). Synergetics provides a method and a philosophy for problem-solving and design and therefore has applications in all areas of human endeavor."

Synergeticists.org

"Synergetics, in the broadest terms, is the study of spatial complexity, and as such is an inherently comprehensive discipline. ... Experience with synergetics encourages a new way of approaching and solving problems. Its emphasis on visual and spatial phenomena combined with Fuller's holistic approach fosters the kind of lateral thinking which so often leads to creative breakthroughs." - Amy Edmondson, A Fuller Explanation, 1987

Starting with the Universe

Fuller's geometric explorations provided an experiential basis for designing and refining a philosophical language. His overarching concern was the co-occurring relationship between tensile and compressive tendencies within an eternally regenerative Universe. "Universe" is a proper name he defined in terms of "partially overlapping scenarios" while avoiding any static picture or model of same. His Universe was "non-simultaneously conceptual":
Because of the fundamental nonsimultaneity of universal structuring, a single, simultaneous, static model of Universe is inherently both nonexistent and conceptually impossible as well as unnecessary. Ergo, Universe does not have a shape. Do not waste your time, as man has been doing for ages, trying to think of a unit shape "outside of which there must be something," or "within which, at center, there must be a smaller something." (307.04)
U = MP described a first division of Universe into metaphysical and physical aspects, the former associated with invisibly cohesive tension, the latter with energy events, both associative as matter and radiation. (162.00)
Synergetics also distinguished between gravitational and precessional relationships among moving bodies, the latter referring to the vast majority of cosmic relationships, which are non-180-degree and do not involve bodies "falling in" to one another (130.00 533.01, 1009.21). "Precession" is a nuanced term in the synergetics vocabulary, relating to the behavior of gyroscopes, but also to side-effects. (326.13, 1009.92)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergetics_(Fuller)s




I am of the opinion that design is an exercise in abductive reasoning by virtue of its ability to symbolically collect as much "evidence" as possible from resources both seen and unseen. The design process is all inclusive and multidimensional by nature. The design process is based upon a broad spectrum of convergences, i.e. emphasis, concentration, priority, attention, focus.Evidence emerges from a particular point of view that when observed contextually, cognizes into both a specific and collective awareness conducive to future symbolic patterning, aka creativity.When symbolically viewed/observed/perceived within a quantum context/field, the concepts of time can be wildly shortened and in some instances non-existent. This situation requires the need to adhere to the position of a multi dimensional/symbolic thought process. Design's reliance upon signs, symbols, metaphor and analogy creates a field/circumstance supple enough to invite and likewise demonstrate knowledgable, intuitive and heartfelt reasoning and solution.
- The Design Registry- Train for any argument with Harvard's former debate coach
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Abductive reasoning: taking your best shotAbductive reasoning typically begins with an incomplete set of observations and proceeds to the likeliest possible explanation for the set. Abductive reasoning yields the kind of daily decision-making that does its best with the information at hand, which often is incomplete.

A medical diagnosis is an application of abductive reasoning: given this set of symptoms, what is the diagnosis that would best explain most of them? Likewise, when jurors hear evidence in a criminal case, they must consider whether the prosecution or the defense has the best explanation to cover all the points of evidence. While there may be no certainty about their verdict, since there may exist additional evidence that was not admitted in the case, they make their best guess based on what they know.
While cogent inductive reasoning requires that the evidence that might shed light on the subject be fairly complete, whether positive or negative, abductive reasoning is characterized by lack of completeness, either in the evidence, or in the explanation, or both. A patient may be unconscious or fail to report every symptom, for example, resulting in incomplete evidence, or a doctor may arrive at a diagnosis that fails to explain several of the symptoms. Still, he must reach the best diagnosis he can.
The abductive process can be creative, intuitive, even revolutionary. Einstein's work, for example, was not just inductive and deductive, but involved a creative leap of imagination and visualization that scarcely seemed warranted by the mere observation of moving trains and falling elevators. In fact, so much of Einstein's work was done as a "thought experiment" (for he never experimentally dropped elevators), that some of his peers discredited it as too fanciful. Nevertheless, he appears to have been right-until now his remarkable conclusions about space-time continue to be verified experientially.

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I am of the opinion that design in coordination and cooperation with science, will create the next paradigm conducive to the evolution of the species and in turn the Earth. 



I am of the opinion that the dynamic relationship established between design and science will create the most appropriate technology necessary to advance human awareness towards acquiring an experiential understanding and comprehension of consciousness.

I am of the opinion that every constraint imposed and/or implied in every design situation is a reflection upon the observer/creator of that event or experience. 

I am of the opinion that the term "design science" best contains many of the actions necessary to expand human awareness.
I am of the opinion that science along with technology, will bring greater understanding to the concept of design as an expression of a universal Intelligence/Consciousness.I am of the opinion that mathematics to be the tool of the scientific paradigm and symbol, metaphor and analogy to be the tools of design.
Design by nature is theoretical. 

in theory
in theory, your idea sounds great, but can it be practically applied? in principle, on paper, in the abstract, all things being equal, in an ideal world; hypothetically, theoretically, supposedly.


"To believe is to accept another's truth. To know is your own creation."


References:
Clay Routledge/Big Think
Sam Harris/Big Think
Dr. Andrew Newberg/Big Think
Jamie Wheal/Big Think

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The concept of Design Metaphysics has been unintentionally discussed by virtue of the investigative efforts of Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley in their paper titled, "Abductive Reasoning: "Logic, visual thinking, and coherence".  I believe that certain qualities attributable to the concept of Design in accordance with Design Metaphysics, are unknowingly veiled in the author's critique of two former models of abductive reasoning mentioned in the paper. 

I have highlighted certain comments I believe support my position concerning the concept of ther being a Design Consciousness.



FINAL COMMENTARY

Abductive reasoning: Logic, visual thinking and coherence. Paul Thagard and Cameron Shelley, 1997

I am of the opinion that all possible descriptions used to bring to reason any event or experience is wholly dependent upon the categorization of certain pre-defined symbolic relationships that when together bring a degree of awareness to a particular field of choice, focus and/or interest. I’m also of the opinion that consciousness per se, is the product of series of multidimensional relationships made apparent by means of symbolic correspondence.

Statements listed below are based upon issues surrounding the concept of design and the design process. These disclosures are posted in the following blogs:

This remains a work in progress.

When designing, methods of reason are dependent upon, 1. the observer/perceiver of the event/experience, 2. the context/field in which this observation/perception is made, 3. the language, i.e. system of symbols used to support and assist in the cognition of an event or experience. Following are quotes from the work of Thagard and Shelley that I believe support the concept of design and design thinking.

Design is symbolic in nature and made apparent by means of signs, symbols, analogy and metaphor.

“Peirce claimed that all thinking is in signs, and that signs can be icons, indices, or symbols.” 

“Finally, since elements can be visual or other nonverbal kinds of representation, we have transcended the limitation of abductive reasoning to sentences.”

“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”

“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.” “

Konolige's definition, like virtually all available accounts of abduction, presumes that explanatory hypotheses are represented sententially. But we will now show that some abductive inference is better understood as using pictorial or other iconic representations.”

“Abduction is then visual because the representations of both what gets explained and what does the explaining use structures that resemble what they represent.”  

“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”

The ability to visualize a particular situation is fundamental to design thinking.




But there are instances of abductive thinking that are most plausibly interpreted as pictorial.

“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.”

“The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and non-sentential representations such as visual ones.”

“But a mode of thinking that is natural for many people is to perform the same kind of thinking pictorially.”

“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would. Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs. Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking:”

“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential. It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes. In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”

Design thinking/reasoning is both imaginative and intuitive.

“The abductive inference that the accident happened this way involves a mental picture of the other car's door hitting yours. Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would. Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs.” 

“To understand abduction as a coherence problem, we need to specify the elements and the constraints. The elements are representations of causes and effects; in line with our discussion of visual abduction, we will allow the representations to include both sentential and nonsentential representations such as visual ones.”

The design process is used for both problem finding and problem solving in addition to creative thinking.



“With verbal representations such as rules, it may be necessary to search through many possible inferences before finding a plausible explanatory hypothesis. But a picture of a situation may immediately suggest a likely cause, if it vividly displays factors that are spatially contiguous and therefore more likely to be causally relevant.”

“Many scientists have reported that images played a crucial role in their most creative thinking.”

“Creative abduction often involves the construction of novel hypotheses involving newly formed concepts such as natural selection or AIDS. For Charles Peirce, who coined the term ``abduction'' a century ago, the introduction of unifying conceptions was an important part of abduction [11, 25], and it would be unfortunate if our understanding of abduction were limited to more mundane cases where hypotheses are simply assembled. Abduction does not occur in the context of a fixed language, since the formation of new hypotheses often goes hand in hand with the development of new theoretical terms such as ``atom,'' ``electron,'' ``quark,'' ``gene,'' ``neuron'' and ``AIDS.''

“Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence.”

“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

Design and the design process include both inductive and deductive reasoning.



Second, the deductive model of explanation does not even provide sufficient conditions for explanation, since there are examples that conform to the model but do not appear to constitute explanations.”

“But other examples such as the flagpole show that some  additional notion of causal relevance is crucial to many kinds of explanation, and there is little hope of capturing this notion using logic alone. Contrast Pearl's [20] work on Bayesian networks and Peng and Reggia's [21] model of abduction, which employ ineliminably (?) intuitive notions of causality. A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”

“The plausibility of the lower-level hypothesis comes not only from what it explains, but also from it itself being explained. This kind of hierarchical explanation in which hypotheses explain other hypotheses that explain data is also found in science and medicine;” 

“But as both Bayesian and explanatory coherence analyses allow, causes are often themselves effects and assessment of overall acceptability of explanatory hypotheses must take this into account.”

“A fully general characterization of abduction would have to allow representations of causes and effects that are pictorial as well as ones that are sentential.”

“It would also have to admit forms of explanation that centrally employ visual transformations as well as ones that employ deduction and other verbal processes.

“Abduction is often thought of as a kind of reverse deduction;”

“A general model of abduction requires an account of explanation that is richer than deduction.”

Design along with the design process searches for meaning and purpose.

“In addition, we should not rule out the possibility of a multimodal theory of abduction that includes non-visual, non-verbal representations involving smell, touch, and emotion.”

“While this requirement may be acceptable for mundane applications, it will not do for interesting cases of belief revision where the introduction of new hypotheses leads to rejection of previously held theories.”


Design oversees the symbiotic process of balancing.
“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence.”

Design links the parts with the whole and the whole with its parts.

“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations.”

“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning”

The requirement of completeness makes sense only in limited closed domains such as simple circuits where one can be assured that everything can be explained given the known causes.”

“This is a laudable goal but does not justify building completeness into the definition of an explanation, since the goal is so rarely accomplished in realistic situations. From medicine to science, it is not typically the case that everything can be explained even by the best of theories”.

“Making sense is a holistic matter of fitting the puzzling facts into a coherent pattern of representations. The notion of coherence has usually remained vague, but Thagard and Verbeurgt [29] have recently defined coherence in terms of maximization of constraint satisfaction. After briefly stating their definition, we will show how abduction can be reconceptualized as a coherence problem.”

Design harbors all belief systems.

“But simplicity is an elusive notion that is not adequately captured by the relation of subset minimality which deals only with cases where we can prefer an explanation by a set of hypotheses to an explanation by a superset of those hypotheses. We need a broader notion of simplicity to handle cases where the competing explanations are accomplished by sets of hypotheses that are of different sizes but are not subsets of each other.”

“We cannot simply delete a belief and then replace it with one inconsistent with it, because until the new belief comes in competition with the old one, there is no reason to delete the old one. Belief revision requires a complex balancing of a large number of beliefs and kinds of evidence. “

”Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

Design invites change and is intuitive by nature.

In scientific reasoning, in contrast, the task is to explain as much of the data as you can and to come up with a set of explanatory hypotheses that is better than the current set. It is a matter of satisficing (choosing the most coherence set of hypotheses) rather than optimizing. Abduction characterized in terms of coherence is still intractable, but efficient approximation algorithms exist. There is also the possibility that heuristic search made possible by visual representations can greatly improve the computability of abductions, although this remains to be shown.

“Elements can explain other elements which explain other elements, so hypotheses can be layered and give rise to complex chains of constraints. Abduction is not defined in terms of a fixed set of elements but allows the possibility of creation of new elements that produce a new assessment of coherence. New hypotheses need not be consistent with existing ones, nor need the facts be completely explained. Maximizing coherence involves explaining as much as possible (positive constraints) and being as consistent as possible (negative constraints), but perfection is not to be sought in abductive reasoning.”

“Such pictures provide an iconic representation of the event that you conjecture to have happened, since the picture you form resembles the hypothesized event in a much more direct way than a verbal/sentential representation would. Whenever our knowledge of how things work in the world involves dynamic pictorial representations, these representations can be used to generate iconic explanations of what occurs. 

Reconceptualization is fundamental to design and the design process.

“But an oversimplified formalization can distract from important aspects of the kinds of reasoning that underlie intelligence. Graph grammars and other techniques for visual representation offer the prospects of developing more general accounts of the nature of abductive reasoning, which should be construed not as a deviant form of deduction, but as a coherence problem.”

Conclusion:

Design by virtue of symbolic representation, is closely associated with abductive reasoning. Design establishes an exploratory context where change and energy can be limitlessly configured and reconfigured into a variety of circumstances, arrangements, networks and solutions. Design is a mentor to the creative process. Design describes an intimate method of conceptual thinking where resolutions surface unexpectedly. Design exercises its own special form of coherency.

I conclude with a comment from Neil de Grasse Tyson.




I believe that a fuller understanding of design’s role in the application of abductive reasoning can meet all future challenges confronting the scientific paradigm, and that in cooperation with a “design template” bring forward a new understanding of the world and consciousness itself.








To be design conscious you must be more than an observer you must be a participant.
Be assured you will not discover all the answers to your inquiries here. Continue to investigate into your role as observer, participator and creator in a design of your own making. Be aware of the by-products and outcomes that surround your every choice and decision.
Edited: 02.22.2020, 02.27.2020, 03.18.2020, 03.30.2020, 11.30.2020, 01.06.2022, 01.14.2022, 03.18.2022, 03.25.2022, 05.16.2022, 06.13.2022, 07.11.2022, 09.04.2022, 10.04.2022, 12.25.2022, 03.12.2023, 07.30.2023
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